Spray vaccination with a safe and bivalent H9N2 recombinant chimeric NDV vector vaccine elicits complete protection against NDV and H9N2 AIV challenge
Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) represent significant pathogenic risks to the poultry industry, leading to considerable economic losses. Vaccination is a widely used preventive measure against these pathogens, yet the lack of a live bivalent vaccine target...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2025-01-01
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Series: | Veterinary Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01448-5 |
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