Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study

<b>Background:</b> Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe, rapidly progressing syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis, often triggered by bacterial infections. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is a key antibiotic in this setting, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) helps optimize...

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Main Authors: Stephan Schmid, Katharina Zimmermann, Chiara Koch, Patricia Mester, Georgios Athanasoulas, Jonas Buttenschoen, Daniel Fleischmann, Sophie Schlosser-Hupf, Vlad Pavel, Tobias Schilling, Martina Müller, Alexander Kratzer
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/2/202
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author Stephan Schmid
Katharina Zimmermann
Chiara Koch
Patricia Mester
Georgios Athanasoulas
Jonas Buttenschoen
Daniel Fleischmann
Sophie Schlosser-Hupf
Vlad Pavel
Tobias Schilling
Martina Müller
Alexander Kratzer
author_facet Stephan Schmid
Katharina Zimmermann
Chiara Koch
Patricia Mester
Georgios Athanasoulas
Jonas Buttenschoen
Daniel Fleischmann
Sophie Schlosser-Hupf
Vlad Pavel
Tobias Schilling
Martina Müller
Alexander Kratzer
author_sort Stephan Schmid
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe, rapidly progressing syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis, often triggered by bacterial infections. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is a key antibiotic in this setting, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) helps optimize its dosing. This study evaluates the impact of an interprofessional TDM strategy for Piperacillin/Tazobactam in ACLF patients in the ICU. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective ICU study evaluated an interprofessional TDM approach for optimizing Piperacillin/Tazobactam dosing in critically ill ACLF patients. The team, consisting of physicians, clinical pharmacists, and staff nurses, engaged in shared decision making, collaboratively interpreting TDM results and adjusting the dosing accordingly. This study included 26 patients with ACLF who underwent initial TDM and 7 who received follow-up TDM. Piperacillin/Tazobactam dosing was modified based on TDM recommendations, with serum concentrations measured weekly. Adherence to and the implementation of interprofessional dosing recommendations were systematically analyzed to assess the impact of this approach. <b>Results:</b> The initial TDM showed that 30.8% of patients had Piperacillin/Tazobactam levels within the target range, while 53.8% were above and 15.4% below. The interprofessional team recommended dose reductions in seven patients, increases in three, and no change in eleven, with five requiring antibiotic modifications. At the first follow-up TDM, 20.0% reached target levels, while 80.0% remained above, with no subtherapeutic cases. The team recommended one further dose reduction and maintained dosing in four patients. All recommendations were fully implemented, demonstrating strong adherence to the collaborative protocol. <b>Conclusions:</b> The interprofessional TDM strategy optimized Piperacillin/Tazobactam dosing in ACLF patients with full adherence to the recommendations. This collaborative approach improves outcomes and supports global efforts to curb antibiotic resistance.
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spelling doaj-art-ffb579444e1a4bdab5e9339916c2df762025-08-20T02:44:29ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-02-0114220210.3390/antibiotics14020202Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot StudyStephan Schmid0Katharina Zimmermann1Chiara Koch2Patricia Mester3Georgios Athanasoulas4Jonas Buttenschoen5Daniel Fleischmann6Sophie Schlosser-Hupf7Vlad Pavel8Tobias Schilling9Martina Müller10Alexander Kratzer11Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyHospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Acute, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine (DIANI), Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyHospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany<b>Background:</b> Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe, rapidly progressing syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis, often triggered by bacterial infections. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is a key antibiotic in this setting, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) helps optimize its dosing. This study evaluates the impact of an interprofessional TDM strategy for Piperacillin/Tazobactam in ACLF patients in the ICU. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective ICU study evaluated an interprofessional TDM approach for optimizing Piperacillin/Tazobactam dosing in critically ill ACLF patients. The team, consisting of physicians, clinical pharmacists, and staff nurses, engaged in shared decision making, collaboratively interpreting TDM results and adjusting the dosing accordingly. This study included 26 patients with ACLF who underwent initial TDM and 7 who received follow-up TDM. Piperacillin/Tazobactam dosing was modified based on TDM recommendations, with serum concentrations measured weekly. Adherence to and the implementation of interprofessional dosing recommendations were systematically analyzed to assess the impact of this approach. <b>Results:</b> The initial TDM showed that 30.8% of patients had Piperacillin/Tazobactam levels within the target range, while 53.8% were above and 15.4% below. The interprofessional team recommended dose reductions in seven patients, increases in three, and no change in eleven, with five requiring antibiotic modifications. At the first follow-up TDM, 20.0% reached target levels, while 80.0% remained above, with no subtherapeutic cases. The team recommended one further dose reduction and maintained dosing in four patients. All recommendations were fully implemented, demonstrating strong adherence to the collaborative protocol. <b>Conclusions:</b> The interprofessional TDM strategy optimized Piperacillin/Tazobactam dosing in ACLF patients with full adherence to the recommendations. This collaborative approach improves outcomes and supports global efforts to curb antibiotic resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/2/202therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)piperacillin/tazobactamintensive care unitinterprofessional collaborationacute-on-chronic liver failure
spellingShingle Stephan Schmid
Katharina Zimmermann
Chiara Koch
Patricia Mester
Georgios Athanasoulas
Jonas Buttenschoen
Daniel Fleischmann
Sophie Schlosser-Hupf
Vlad Pavel
Tobias Schilling
Martina Müller
Alexander Kratzer
Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study
Antibiotics
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
piperacillin/tazobactam
intensive care unit
interprofessional collaboration
acute-on-chronic liver failure
title Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study
title_full Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study
title_fullStr Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study
title_full_unstemmed Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study
title_short Interprofessional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Enhances Care for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: A Retrospective Observational Pilot Study
title_sort interprofessional therapeutic drug monitoring of piperacillin tazobactam enhances care for patients with acute on chronic liver failure in the icu a retrospective observational pilot study
topic therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
piperacillin/tazobactam
intensive care unit
interprofessional collaboration
acute-on-chronic liver failure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/2/202
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