Prediction of Surface Deformation Induced by Ultra-Shallow-Buried Pilot Tunnel Construction

The prediction of ground deformation during ultra-shallow-buried pilot tunnel construction is critical for urban rail transit projects in complex geological settings, yet existing cross-section models often lack accuracy. This study proposes an enhanced non-uniform convergence model based on stochas...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Caijun Liu, Xiangdong Li, Yang Yang, Xing Gao, Yupeng Shen, Peng Jing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7546
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