Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints

Despite communicative goals in English language instruction, speaking skills remain underemphasized in Kazakhstani secondary schools where assessment policies prioritize grammar and reading proficiency. This study examined how four experienced EFL teachers conceptualized and implemented speaking ins...

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Main Author: Askat Tleuov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The International Academic Forum 2025-07-01
Series:IAFOR Journal of Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-education/volume-13-issue-1/article-1/
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author Askat Tleuov
author_facet Askat Tleuov
author_sort Askat Tleuov
collection DOAJ
description Despite communicative goals in English language instruction, speaking skills remain underemphasized in Kazakhstani secondary schools where assessment policies prioritize grammar and reading proficiency. This study examined how four experienced EFL teachers conceptualized and implemented speaking instruction within an exam-oriented educational context, focusing on their instructional approaches, responses to contextual constraints, and reconciliation of beliefs with practice. Employing a multiple-case qualitative design, data were collected through (POIs), classroom observations, and stimulated-recall interviews. Thematic analysis revealed variations in instructional approaches, with teachers navigating tensions between beliefs about oral proficiency and institutional pressures. Some participants adopted direct, structured methodologies emphasizing controlled output, while others incorporated communicative, learner-centered activities. Contextual factors, including curriculum mandates, high-stakes testing, and student proficiency levels, influenced instructional choices, though teachers demonstrated agency through localized adaptations. The study highlights the affective dimensions of speaking instruction, particularly strategies for mitigating learner anxiety and balancing error correction with motivation. Findings point to the need for assessment reforms that integrate speaking components and targeted professional development to equip teachers with effective oral skills pedagogy. This research examined the interaction between teacher cognition and contextual factors, contributing to the understanding of teacher intervention within assessment-driven educational systems in EFL contexts.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-ff48c8db3aef482986565755c33762fc2025-08-20T03:47:19ZengThe International Academic ForumIAFOR Journal of Education2187-05942025-07-01131114110.22492/ije.13.1.01Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints Askat Tleuov0KIMEP University, KazakhstanDespite communicative goals in English language instruction, speaking skills remain underemphasized in Kazakhstani secondary schools where assessment policies prioritize grammar and reading proficiency. This study examined how four experienced EFL teachers conceptualized and implemented speaking instruction within an exam-oriented educational context, focusing on their instructional approaches, responses to contextual constraints, and reconciliation of beliefs with practice. Employing a multiple-case qualitative design, data were collected through (POIs), classroom observations, and stimulated-recall interviews. Thematic analysis revealed variations in instructional approaches, with teachers navigating tensions between beliefs about oral proficiency and institutional pressures. Some participants adopted direct, structured methodologies emphasizing controlled output, while others incorporated communicative, learner-centered activities. Contextual factors, including curriculum mandates, high-stakes testing, and student proficiency levels, influenced instructional choices, though teachers demonstrated agency through localized adaptations. The study highlights the affective dimensions of speaking instruction, particularly strategies for mitigating learner anxiety and balancing error correction with motivation. Findings point to the need for assessment reforms that integrate speaking components and targeted professional development to equip teachers with effective oral skills pedagogy. This research examined the interaction between teacher cognition and contextual factors, contributing to the understanding of teacher intervention within assessment-driven educational systems in EFL contexts. https://iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-education/volume-13-issue-1/article-1/assessment washbackcontextual constraintsefl teachingspeaking instructionteacher agencyteacher cognition
spellingShingle Askat Tleuov
Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints
IAFOR Journal of Education
assessment washback
contextual constraints
efl teaching
speaking instruction
teacher agency
teacher cognition
title Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints
title_full Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints
title_fullStr Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints
title_full_unstemmed Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints
title_short Teaching Speaking in Kazakhstani EFL Classrooms: Negotiating Teacher Beliefs and Assessment Constraints
title_sort teaching speaking in kazakhstani efl classrooms negotiating teacher beliefs and assessment constraints
topic assessment washback
contextual constraints
efl teaching
speaking instruction
teacher agency
teacher cognition
url https://iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-education/volume-13-issue-1/article-1/
work_keys_str_mv AT askattleuov teachingspeakinginkazakhstanieflclassroomsnegotiatingteacherbeliefsandassessmentconstraints