Retinoic acid differently modulates NOD1/NOD2-mediated inflammatory responses in human macrophage subsets
Macrophages are indispensable in homeostasis and innate immune responses in multiple tissues, while their polarization and functional characteristics are determined by the activating stimuli and their tissue microenvironment. The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid shows inhomogeneous distribution am...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1609763/full |
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