Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS

Sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction methods for natural bioactive compounds are gaining significant attention in the food, beverage, and nutraceutical industries. Among these bioactive compounds, anthocyanins, which are potent antioxidants, have garnered particular interest due to th...

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Main Authors: Nuwanthi Senevirathna, Morteza Hassanpour, Ian O’Hara, Azharul Karim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1299
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author Nuwanthi Senevirathna
Morteza Hassanpour
Ian O’Hara
Azharul Karim
author_facet Nuwanthi Senevirathna
Morteza Hassanpour
Ian O’Hara
Azharul Karim
author_sort Nuwanthi Senevirathna
collection DOAJ
description Sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction methods for natural bioactive compounds are gaining significant attention in the food, beverage, and nutraceutical industries. Among these bioactive compounds, anthocyanins, which are potent antioxidants, have garnered particular interest due to their health-promoting properties. Banana inflorescence, an underutilized agricultural by-product, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. However, the extraction of bioactive compounds is often energy-intensive, which raises concerns about environmental sustainability. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has emerged as an efficient and less energy-consuming method for isolating these compounds. This study investigates the optimization of ASE for the extraction of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, from fresh banana inflorescence. The effect of extraction parameters, including temperature (60, 80, and 100 °C), solvent type (water, ethanol, methanol), and solvent composition (50% ethanol + 50% water, 75% ethanol + 25% water, 100% ethanol, 50% methanol + 50% water, 75% methanol + 25% water, 100% methanol, water), on the extraction efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that the most effective extraction conditions were 75% methanol + 25% water at 100 °C, yielding the highest concentrations of total phenolics (1239.58 ± 20.83 mg/100 g), antioxidant activity (2.21 ± 0.03 mg/mL), and anthocyanins (22.82 mg ± 1.91/100 g). LC-UV-MS analysis revealed three primary anthocyanidins: cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, and petunidin-3-rutinoside. These findings suggest that banana inflorescence, an agricultural waste product, can be efficiently utilized as a source of bioactive compounds using ASE, contributing to sustainable practices in the food and nutraceutical industries. The optimized extraction process provides a promising approach for the valorization of banana inflorescence, enhancing its potential as a functional ingredient in food products.
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spelling doaj-art-fe19b294a7d9432cae1a722f1781d62f2025-08-20T02:28:36ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01148129910.3390/foods14081299Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MSNuwanthi Senevirathna0Morteza Hassanpour1Ian O’Hara2Azharul Karim3School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, AustraliaSustainable and environmentally friendly extraction methods for natural bioactive compounds are gaining significant attention in the food, beverage, and nutraceutical industries. Among these bioactive compounds, anthocyanins, which are potent antioxidants, have garnered particular interest due to their health-promoting properties. Banana inflorescence, an underutilized agricultural by-product, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. However, the extraction of bioactive compounds is often energy-intensive, which raises concerns about environmental sustainability. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has emerged as an efficient and less energy-consuming method for isolating these compounds. This study investigates the optimization of ASE for the extraction of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, from fresh banana inflorescence. The effect of extraction parameters, including temperature (60, 80, and 100 °C), solvent type (water, ethanol, methanol), and solvent composition (50% ethanol + 50% water, 75% ethanol + 25% water, 100% ethanol, 50% methanol + 50% water, 75% methanol + 25% water, 100% methanol, water), on the extraction efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that the most effective extraction conditions were 75% methanol + 25% water at 100 °C, yielding the highest concentrations of total phenolics (1239.58 ± 20.83 mg/100 g), antioxidant activity (2.21 ± 0.03 mg/mL), and anthocyanins (22.82 mg ± 1.91/100 g). LC-UV-MS analysis revealed three primary anthocyanidins: cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, and petunidin-3-rutinoside. These findings suggest that banana inflorescence, an agricultural waste product, can be efficiently utilized as a source of bioactive compounds using ASE, contributing to sustainable practices in the food and nutraceutical industries. The optimized extraction process provides a promising approach for the valorization of banana inflorescence, enhancing its potential as a functional ingredient in food products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1299accelerated solvent extractionASEantioxidantsanthocyaninsbanana inflorescencephenolics
spellingShingle Nuwanthi Senevirathna
Morteza Hassanpour
Ian O’Hara
Azharul Karim
Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS
Foods
accelerated solvent extraction
ASE
antioxidants
anthocyanins
banana inflorescence
phenolics
title Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS
title_full Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS
title_fullStr Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS
title_short Sustainable Extraction of Fresh Banana Inflorescence by ASE: Optimization and Characterization of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts by LC-UV-MS/MS
title_sort sustainable extraction of fresh banana inflorescence by ase optimization and characterization of anthocyanin rich extracts by lc uv ms ms
topic accelerated solvent extraction
ASE
antioxidants
anthocyanins
banana inflorescence
phenolics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1299
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AT ianohara sustainableextractionoffreshbananainflorescencebyaseoptimizationandcharacterizationofanthocyaninrichextractsbylcuvmsms
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