Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary
Bee products are an important source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition (proximate composition, general phytochemical composition, sugar, and phenolic profiles) of four different products (honey, bee pollen, bee bread, and propolis), obt...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1483 |
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| author | Yusuf Can Gercek Eda Dagsuyu Fatma Nur Basturk Seran Kırkıncı Nazlıcan Yıldırım Gamze Kıskanç Bahar Özmener Yigit Sabri Unlu Seda Nur Kalkan Kadir Boztaş Gül Cevahir Oz Refiye Yanardağ Nesrin Ecem Bayram Aleksandar Ž. Kostić |
| author_facet | Yusuf Can Gercek Eda Dagsuyu Fatma Nur Basturk Seran Kırkıncı Nazlıcan Yıldırım Gamze Kıskanç Bahar Özmener Yigit Sabri Unlu Seda Nur Kalkan Kadir Boztaş Gül Cevahir Oz Refiye Yanardağ Nesrin Ecem Bayram Aleksandar Ž. Kostić |
| author_sort | Yusuf Can Gercek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bee products are an important source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition (proximate composition, general phytochemical composition, sugar, and phenolic profiles) of four different products (honey, bee pollen, bee bread, and propolis), obtained from the same apiary, as well as to assess their biological activity through antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, AchE, neuraminidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, urease, trypsin, tyrosinase, carbonic anhydrase, thioredoxin reductase, adenosine deaminase). Clear differences were observed among the samples in terms of both chemical composition and biological activity. The analysis revealed that bee pollen exhibited the highest carbohydrate content (87.9%), while propolis was identified as the richest source of phenolic compounds (14,858.9 mg/kg) among the analyzed samples. Propolis exhibited the highest biological activity in all applied antioxidant assays (CUPRAC, DPPH<sup>•</sup>, and ABTS<sup>•+</sup>) and in most enzyme inhibition assays. Notably, the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of propolis was comparable to that of the reference standard. In addition, honey exhibited remarkable trypsin inhibition, also comparable to the applied standard. These findings highlight the diverse bioactivities of hive products, which could play a key role in promoting health and preventing diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa719303a4494599a34ae2d3ebbb9f7a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa719303a4494599a34ae2d3ebbb9f7a2025-08-20T02:55:38ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312148310.3390/antiox13121483Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same ApiaryYusuf Can Gercek0Eda Dagsuyu1Fatma Nur Basturk2Seran Kırkıncı3Nazlıcan Yıldırım4Gamze Kıskanç5Bahar Özmener6Yigit Sabri Unlu7Seda Nur Kalkan8Kadir Boztaş9Gül Cevahir Oz10Refiye Yanardağ11Nesrin Ecem Bayram12Aleksandar Ž. Kostić13Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeInstitute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, TürkiyeDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Processing, Aydıntepe Vocational College, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69500, TürkiyeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaBee products are an important source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition (proximate composition, general phytochemical composition, sugar, and phenolic profiles) of four different products (honey, bee pollen, bee bread, and propolis), obtained from the same apiary, as well as to assess their biological activity through antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, AchE, neuraminidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, urease, trypsin, tyrosinase, carbonic anhydrase, thioredoxin reductase, adenosine deaminase). Clear differences were observed among the samples in terms of both chemical composition and biological activity. The analysis revealed that bee pollen exhibited the highest carbohydrate content (87.9%), while propolis was identified as the richest source of phenolic compounds (14,858.9 mg/kg) among the analyzed samples. Propolis exhibited the highest biological activity in all applied antioxidant assays (CUPRAC, DPPH<sup>•</sup>, and ABTS<sup>•+</sup>) and in most enzyme inhibition assays. Notably, the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of propolis was comparable to that of the reference standard. In addition, honey exhibited remarkable trypsin inhibition, also comparable to the applied standard. These findings highlight the diverse bioactivities of hive products, which could play a key role in promoting health and preventing diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1483bee productsbotanical originphenolicssugarsantioxidant activityenzyme inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Yusuf Can Gercek Eda Dagsuyu Fatma Nur Basturk Seran Kırkıncı Nazlıcan Yıldırım Gamze Kıskanç Bahar Özmener Yigit Sabri Unlu Seda Nur Kalkan Kadir Boztaş Gül Cevahir Oz Refiye Yanardağ Nesrin Ecem Bayram Aleksandar Ž. Kostić Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary Antioxidants bee products botanical origin phenolics sugars antioxidant activity enzyme inhibition |
| title | Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary |
| title_full | Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary |
| title_fullStr | Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary |
| title_short | Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary |
| title_sort | enzyme inhibitory physicochemical and phytochemical properties and botanical sources of honey bee pollen bee bread and propolis obtained from the same apiary |
| topic | bee products botanical origin phenolics sugars antioxidant activity enzyme inhibition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1483 |
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