BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”

We present a brain-computer interface (BCI) version of the famous “Connect Four”. Target selection is based on brain event-related responses measured with nine EEG sensors. Two players compete against each other using their brain activity only. Importantly, we turned the general difficulty of produc...

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Main Authors: Emmanuel Maby, Margaux Perrin, Olivier Bertrand, Gaëtan Sanchez, Jérémie Mattout
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-01-01
Series:Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124728
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author Emmanuel Maby
Margaux Perrin
Olivier Bertrand
Gaëtan Sanchez
Jérémie Mattout
author_facet Emmanuel Maby
Margaux Perrin
Olivier Bertrand
Gaëtan Sanchez
Jérémie Mattout
author_sort Emmanuel Maby
collection DOAJ
description We present a brain-computer interface (BCI) version of the famous “Connect Four”. Target selection is based on brain event-related responses measured with nine EEG sensors. Two players compete against each other using their brain activity only. Importantly, we turned the general difficulty of producing a reliable BCI command into an advantage, by extending the game play and rules, in a way that adds fun to the game and might well prove to trigger up motivation in future studies. The principle of this new BCI is directly inspired from our own implementation of the classical P300 Speller (Maby et al. 2010, Perrin et al. 2011). We here establish a proof of principle that the same electrophysiological markers can be used to design an efficient two-player game. Experimental evaluation on two competing healthy subjects yielded an average accuracy of 82%, which is in line with our previous results on many participants and demonstrates that the BCI “Connect Four” can effectively be controlled. Interestingly, the duration of the game is not significantly affected by the usual slowness of BCI commands. This suggests that this kind of BCI games could be of interest to healthy players as well as to disabled people who cannot play with classical games.
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spelling doaj-art-f81f0f2dbccb4fec9b6312a76a0eb2ab2025-08-20T02:22:54ZengWileyAdvances in Human-Computer Interaction1687-58931687-59072012-01-01201210.1155/2012/124728124728BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”Emmanuel Maby0Margaux Perrin1Olivier Bertrand2Gaëtan Sanchez3Jérémie Mattout4CRNL, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Dycog Team, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, FranceCRNL, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Dycog Team, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, FranceCRNL, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Dycog Team, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, FranceCRNL, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Dycog Team, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, FranceCRNL, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Dycog Team, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, FranceWe present a brain-computer interface (BCI) version of the famous “Connect Four”. Target selection is based on brain event-related responses measured with nine EEG sensors. Two players compete against each other using their brain activity only. Importantly, we turned the general difficulty of producing a reliable BCI command into an advantage, by extending the game play and rules, in a way that adds fun to the game and might well prove to trigger up motivation in future studies. The principle of this new BCI is directly inspired from our own implementation of the classical P300 Speller (Maby et al. 2010, Perrin et al. 2011). We here establish a proof of principle that the same electrophysiological markers can be used to design an efficient two-player game. Experimental evaluation on two competing healthy subjects yielded an average accuracy of 82%, which is in line with our previous results on many participants and demonstrates that the BCI “Connect Four” can effectively be controlled. Interestingly, the duration of the game is not significantly affected by the usual slowness of BCI commands. This suggests that this kind of BCI games could be of interest to healthy players as well as to disabled people who cannot play with classical games.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124728
spellingShingle Emmanuel Maby
Margaux Perrin
Olivier Bertrand
Gaëtan Sanchez
Jérémie Mattout
BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
title BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”
title_full BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”
title_fullStr BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”
title_full_unstemmed BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”
title_short BCI Could Make Old Two-Player Games Even More Fun: A Proof of Concept with “Connect Four”
title_sort bci could make old two player games even more fun a proof of concept with connect four
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124728
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