Physiological effects of levonorgestrel exposure on selected ecological endpoints of Clarias gariepinus

Abstract Background Levonorgestrel (LNG) is incorporated into contraceptives and has become a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) in the pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) category due to its endocrine-disrupting properties; however, its potential to induce physiological aberrations i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zainab Abdullahi Ibrahim, Sonnie Joshua Oniye, Sodangi Abdulkarim Luka, Mathias Ahii Chia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-025-00463-4
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