State-Dependent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Synchronized with Electroencephalography: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions

State-Dependent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Synchronized with Electroencephalography: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions

Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has emerged as a transformative tool for probing cortical dynamics with millisecond precision. This review examines the state-dependent nature of TMS-EEG, a critical yet underexplored dimension influencing measurement r...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: He Chen, Tao Liu, Yinglu Song, Zhaohuan Ding, Xiaoli Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Brain Sciences
Subjects:
transcranial magnetic stimulation
TMS-EEG
state-dependent
closed-loop
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/7/731
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