Global, regional, and national liver cancer attributable to smoking and alcohol use burden, 1990–2021: analysis for the global burden of disease 2021 study
Abstract Background Liver cancer poses a significant global health challenge. Smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for liver cancer. Methods We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. First, numbers and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjus...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23184-3 |
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