Global, regional, and national liver cancer attributable to smoking and alcohol use burden, 1990–2021: analysis for the global burden of disease 2021 study

Global, regional, and national liver cancer attributable to smoking and alcohol use burden, 1990–2021: analysis for the global burden of disease 2021 study

Abstract Background Liver cancer poses a significant global health challenge. Smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for liver cancer. Methods We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. First, numbers and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjus...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chenyi Liu, Taiting Shi, Shu Li, Shiwen Wu, Jiawen Chen, Chao Cai, Mingqin Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Liver cancer
Smoking
Alcohol use
Deaths
DALYs
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23184-3
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23184-3

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