Defining essential surgical skills and optimizing simulation training modalities for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Abstract Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a technique mainly used to treat cervical spondylosis, which is associated with radiculopathy or myelopathy. It is difficult to perform and has been associated with many clinical complications. ACDF training is time-consuming and potentially...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bohong Cai, Xilin Cheng, Xi Lyu, Hanhan Wu, Xue Leng, Sihang Li, Baixiang Chen, Qi Yao, Jie Hao, Menghong Xia, Wei Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14675-9
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