Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation

BackgroundOxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune condition thyroid eye disease (TED). However, its precise molecular mechanisms and reliable biomarkers remain unclear. Bioinformatics enables the identification of differentially expressed genes through transcripto...

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Main Authors: Yuanping Hai, Qintao Ma, Zhitao Liu, Dongxiao Li, Anqi Huang, Yan Zhu, Duan Yongbo, Cheng Song, Genfeng Yu, Sijie Fang, Lan Liu, Yi Wang, Thomas Efferth, Jie Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1635712/full
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