Combined exposure to three heavy metals and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the Korean population

Abstract Toxicological and histological evidence suggests that heavy metals accumulate in the retina, implicating their potential role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, most prior epidemiologic studies have focused on individual metal exposures, overlooking possi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Soonsu Shin, Jae-Hong Ryoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12671-7
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