Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
IntroductionThe pituitary and liver are among the main sites of action of estrogens in fish. Years of research has shown that xenoestrogens can interfere with functions of estrogens. There is however incomplete understanding of xenoestrogen targets genes, their molecular mechanisms and potential eff...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1491432/full |
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| author | Fekadu Yadetie Xiaokang Zhang Anna Reboa Gwenaëlle Samantha Chloe Noally Mariann Eilertsen Mitchell Stewart Fleming Jon Vidar Helvik Inge Jonassen Anders Goksøyr Odd André Karlsen |
| author_facet | Fekadu Yadetie Xiaokang Zhang Anna Reboa Gwenaëlle Samantha Chloe Noally Mariann Eilertsen Mitchell Stewart Fleming Jon Vidar Helvik Inge Jonassen Anders Goksøyr Odd André Karlsen |
| author_sort | Fekadu Yadetie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe pituitary and liver are among the main sites of action of estrogens in fish. Years of research has shown that xenoestrogens can interfere with functions of estrogens. There is however incomplete understanding of xenoestrogen targets genes, their molecular mechanisms and potential effects in some of the target organs, particularly the pituitary.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive analysis of pituitary and liver transcriptome 72 h after injection of ethynylestradiol (EE2: 10, 50 or 250 nmol/kg body weight/bw) and bisphenol A (BPA: 8, 40 or 200 μmol/kg bw) in juvenile female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).ResultsA broad range of reproductive and metabolic pathways were affected in both organs by BPA and EE2. In the pituitary, effects on the expression of many genes associated with reproduction-related hormonal pathways including the gonadotropin system, as well as genes in processes such as cell differentiation and metabolic homeostasis were observed. In the liver, in addition to upregulation of well-known estrogen marker genes, effects on metabolic pathways, in particular, a coordinated downregulation of genes in the triglyceride synthesis pathways were observed.DiscussionThe results suggest that estrogenic compounds affect a broad range of reproductive and metabolic processes in the pituitary. The alterations in the liver unravel the transcriptional changes underlying metabolic remodeling during estrogen induced vitellogenesis. This study provides new insights into mechanisms of endocrine and metabolic interactions that can be potential targets of environmental estrogens in fish. The study also identifies potential gene expression biomarkers for pituitary and liver effects of xenoestrogens. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-efedaf4a3d764ec3b047a92debf56c3b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-efedaf4a3d764ec3b047a92debf56c3b2025-01-27T06:40:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-01-011510.3389/fendo.2024.14914321491432Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)Fekadu Yadetie0Xiaokang Zhang1Anna Reboa2Gwenaëlle Samantha Chloe Noally3Mariann Eilertsen4Mitchell Stewart Fleming5Jon Vidar Helvik6Inge Jonassen7Anders Goksøyr8Odd André Karlsen9Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayIntroductionThe pituitary and liver are among the main sites of action of estrogens in fish. Years of research has shown that xenoestrogens can interfere with functions of estrogens. There is however incomplete understanding of xenoestrogen targets genes, their molecular mechanisms and potential effects in some of the target organs, particularly the pituitary.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive analysis of pituitary and liver transcriptome 72 h after injection of ethynylestradiol (EE2: 10, 50 or 250 nmol/kg body weight/bw) and bisphenol A (BPA: 8, 40 or 200 μmol/kg bw) in juvenile female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).ResultsA broad range of reproductive and metabolic pathways were affected in both organs by BPA and EE2. In the pituitary, effects on the expression of many genes associated with reproduction-related hormonal pathways including the gonadotropin system, as well as genes in processes such as cell differentiation and metabolic homeostasis were observed. In the liver, in addition to upregulation of well-known estrogen marker genes, effects on metabolic pathways, in particular, a coordinated downregulation of genes in the triglyceride synthesis pathways were observed.DiscussionThe results suggest that estrogenic compounds affect a broad range of reproductive and metabolic processes in the pituitary. The alterations in the liver unravel the transcriptional changes underlying metabolic remodeling during estrogen induced vitellogenesis. This study provides new insights into mechanisms of endocrine and metabolic interactions that can be potential targets of environmental estrogens in fish. The study also identifies potential gene expression biomarkers for pituitary and liver effects of xenoestrogens.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1491432/fullendocrine disruptorsenergy homeostasisfish reproductionlipid homeostasisgonadotropins |
| spellingShingle | Fekadu Yadetie Xiaokang Zhang Anna Reboa Gwenaëlle Samantha Chloe Noally Mariann Eilertsen Mitchell Stewart Fleming Jon Vidar Helvik Inge Jonassen Anders Goksøyr Odd André Karlsen Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) Frontiers in Endocrinology endocrine disruptors energy homeostasis fish reproduction lipid homeostasis gonadotropins |
| title | Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) |
| title_full | Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) |
| title_short | Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) |
| title_sort | transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol a on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female atlantic cod gadus morhua |
| topic | endocrine disruptors energy homeostasis fish reproduction lipid homeostasis gonadotropins |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1491432/full |
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