Clinical Characteristics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease according to Smoking Status
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be caused by various factors, including lung infections, asthma, air pollution, childhood growth disorders, and genetic factors, though smoking is the predominant risk factor. The main pathological mechanisms in COPD involve small airway disease, emph...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://e-trd.org/upload/pdf/trd-2024-0060.pdf |
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