Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines
ABSTRACT The installation of automatic detection systems (ADSs) on operating wind energy facilities is a mitigation measure to reduce bird collisions. The effectiveness of an ADS depends on a combination of parameters, including the detection distance of the bird, its flight speed, and the time to c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Wind Energy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2971 |
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| author | Julie Fluhr Olivier Duriez Constance Blary Thierry Chambert Bettina Almasi Patrik Byholm Nelleke H. Buitendijk Jocelyn Champagnon Mindaugas Dagys Wolfgang Fiedler Charlotte Francesiaz Frédéric Jiguet Simon Lee Alexandre Millon Flavio Monti Lucile Morcelet Ran Nathan Bart A. Nolet Rascha Nuijten Philippe Pilard Cécile Ponchon Alexandre Roulin Carlos D. Santos Orr Spiegel Kim Schalcher Aurélie De Seynes Geert Spanoghe Martin Wikelski Ramunas Žydelis Aurélien Besnard |
| author_facet | Julie Fluhr Olivier Duriez Constance Blary Thierry Chambert Bettina Almasi Patrik Byholm Nelleke H. Buitendijk Jocelyn Champagnon Mindaugas Dagys Wolfgang Fiedler Charlotte Francesiaz Frédéric Jiguet Simon Lee Alexandre Millon Flavio Monti Lucile Morcelet Ran Nathan Bart A. Nolet Rascha Nuijten Philippe Pilard Cécile Ponchon Alexandre Roulin Carlos D. Santos Orr Spiegel Kim Schalcher Aurélie De Seynes Geert Spanoghe Martin Wikelski Ramunas Žydelis Aurélien Besnard |
| author_sort | Julie Fluhr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The installation of automatic detection systems (ADSs) on operating wind energy facilities is a mitigation measure to reduce bird collisions. The effectiveness of an ADS depends on a combination of parameters, including the detection distance of the bird, its flight speed, and the time to complete the chosen action (e.g., turbine shutdown). We created a web application, Eoldist, to calculate cautionary detection distances required by an ADS, using bird flight speed and turbine shutdown time as input parameters. We compiled a database of the flight speeds of 168 Western Palearctic birds from a review of scientific literature supplemented by an analysis of unpublished GPS‐tracking datasets. To estimate turbine shutdown time, we conducted 137 field trials of experimental shutdown at seven wind farms and found that the duration to reach residual rotor speeds of 3 or 2 rotations per minute (rpm) was respectively 32.2 or 38.8 s on average. Based on this data, Eoldist allows the user to select a species from the database, wind turbine characteristics, and a residual rotor speed (3 or 2 rpm); it then calculates the time to reach the selected threshold and provides a distribution curve for the cautionary detection distance needed to prevent collision. This article includes examples of cautionary detection distances required for several species to demonstrate the sensitivity of key input parameters. Eoldist is freely available and should help the wind energy industry, ADS suppliers, and environmental agencies to define requirements for ADS bird detection that are compatible with the biology of the target species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eeb498ab1da44e35b95c8ef8bb36005f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1095-4244 1099-1824 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wind Energy |
| spelling | doaj-art-eeb498ab1da44e35b95c8ef8bb36005f2025-01-30T10:32:38ZengWileyWind Energy1095-42441099-18242025-02-01282n/an/a10.1002/we.2971Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind TurbinesJulie Fluhr0Olivier Duriez1Constance Blary2Thierry Chambert3Bettina Almasi4Patrik Byholm5Nelleke H. Buitendijk6Jocelyn Champagnon7Mindaugas Dagys8Wolfgang Fiedler9Charlotte Francesiaz10Frédéric Jiguet11Simon Lee12Alexandre Millon13Flavio Monti14Lucile Morcelet15Ran Nathan16Bart A. Nolet17Rascha Nuijten18Philippe Pilard19Cécile Ponchon20Alexandre Roulin21Carlos D. Santos22Orr Spiegel23Kim Schalcher24Aurélie De Seynes25Geert Spanoghe26Martin Wikelski27Ramunas Žydelis28Aurélien Besnard29CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier FranceCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier FranceCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier FranceCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier FranceSwiss Ornithological Institute Sempach SwitzerlandNovia University of Applied Sciences Ekenäs FinlandDepartment of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The NetherlandsTour du Valat, Research Institute for Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Arles FranceNature Research Centre Vilnius LithuaniaMax Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Radolfzell GermanyOffice Français pour la Biodiversité, Direction Recherche et Appui Scientifique Juvignac FranceCESCO, MNHN CNRS Sorbonne Université Paris FranceCentre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UKAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen Biodiversité & Ecologie (IMBE) Aix‐en‐Provence FranceInstitute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR) Lecce ItalyAix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen Biodiversité & Ecologie (IMBE) Aix‐en‐Provence FranceHebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem IsraelDepartment of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The NetherlandsDepartment of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The NetherlandsLPO Arles FranceCEN PACA Saint‐Martin‐de‐Crau FranceLausanne University Lausanne SwitzerlandMax Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Radolfzell GermanySchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv IsraelLausanne University Lausanne SwitzerlandLPO Campan FranceResearch Institute for Nature and Forest Brussels BelgiumMax Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Radolfzell GermanyOrnitela, UAB Vilnius LithuaniaCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL University, IRD Montpellier FranceABSTRACT The installation of automatic detection systems (ADSs) on operating wind energy facilities is a mitigation measure to reduce bird collisions. The effectiveness of an ADS depends on a combination of parameters, including the detection distance of the bird, its flight speed, and the time to complete the chosen action (e.g., turbine shutdown). We created a web application, Eoldist, to calculate cautionary detection distances required by an ADS, using bird flight speed and turbine shutdown time as input parameters. We compiled a database of the flight speeds of 168 Western Palearctic birds from a review of scientific literature supplemented by an analysis of unpublished GPS‐tracking datasets. To estimate turbine shutdown time, we conducted 137 field trials of experimental shutdown at seven wind farms and found that the duration to reach residual rotor speeds of 3 or 2 rotations per minute (rpm) was respectively 32.2 or 38.8 s on average. Based on this data, Eoldist allows the user to select a species from the database, wind turbine characteristics, and a residual rotor speed (3 or 2 rpm); it then calculates the time to reach the selected threshold and provides a distribution curve for the cautionary detection distance needed to prevent collision. This article includes examples of cautionary detection distances required for several species to demonstrate the sensitivity of key input parameters. Eoldist is freely available and should help the wind energy industry, ADS suppliers, and environmental agencies to define requirements for ADS bird detection that are compatible with the biology of the target species.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2971automatic detection systembird flight speedreduction of mortalityshutdown on demandwind energy facilitywind turbine |
| spellingShingle | Julie Fluhr Olivier Duriez Constance Blary Thierry Chambert Bettina Almasi Patrik Byholm Nelleke H. Buitendijk Jocelyn Champagnon Mindaugas Dagys Wolfgang Fiedler Charlotte Francesiaz Frédéric Jiguet Simon Lee Alexandre Millon Flavio Monti Lucile Morcelet Ran Nathan Bart A. Nolet Rascha Nuijten Philippe Pilard Cécile Ponchon Alexandre Roulin Carlos D. Santos Orr Spiegel Kim Schalcher Aurélie De Seynes Geert Spanoghe Martin Wikelski Ramunas Žydelis Aurélien Besnard Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines Wind Energy automatic detection system bird flight speed reduction of mortality shutdown on demand wind energy facility wind turbine |
| title | Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines |
| title_full | Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines |
| title_fullStr | Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines |
| title_short | Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines |
| title_sort | eoldist a web application for estimating cautionary detection distance of birds by automatic detection systems to reduce collisions with wind turbines |
| topic | automatic detection system bird flight speed reduction of mortality shutdown on demand wind energy facility wind turbine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2971 |
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