Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale

<b>Background:</b> Voice disorders significantly impact individuals’ physical, functional, and emotional well-being, necessitating comprehensive assessment tools. The Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) assesses the frequency and severity of vocal discomfort symptoms. Despite its global...

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Main Authors: Sunil Kumar Ravi, Srushti Shabnam, Saraswathi Thupakula, Vijaya Kumar Narne, Krishna Yerraguntla, Abdulaziz Almudhi, Irfana Madathodiyil, Feby Sajan, Kochette Ria Jacob
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/3/259
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author Sunil Kumar Ravi
Srushti Shabnam
Saraswathi Thupakula
Vijaya Kumar Narne
Krishna Yerraguntla
Abdulaziz Almudhi
Irfana Madathodiyil
Feby Sajan
Kochette Ria Jacob
author_facet Sunil Kumar Ravi
Srushti Shabnam
Saraswathi Thupakula
Vijaya Kumar Narne
Krishna Yerraguntla
Abdulaziz Almudhi
Irfana Madathodiyil
Feby Sajan
Kochette Ria Jacob
author_sort Sunil Kumar Ravi
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Voice disorders significantly impact individuals’ physical, functional, and emotional well-being, necessitating comprehensive assessment tools. The Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) assesses the frequency and severity of vocal discomfort symptoms. Despite its global adaptations, no validated Malayalam version has existed. This study aimed to adapt and validate the VTDS for Malayalam speakers (VTDS-M). <b>Method:</b> The study was conducted in two phases: Phase I involved translation and cultural adaptation of VTDS into Malayalam, followed by content validation by native-speaking speech language pathologists; Phase II involved validation of VTDS-M on 150 professional voice users, categorized into normophonic (<i>n</i> = 105) and dysphonic (<i>n</i> = 45) groups based on otolaryngological and perceptual voice evaluations. Participants completed VTDS-M and VHI-M (Voice Handicap Index—Malayalam). <b>Results:</b> The results showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.827 for frequency, 0.813 for severity). Significant differences were observed between groups for VTDS-M subscales and total scores, confirming its discriminatory capability. ROC analysis established a cut-off score of 11.5, with an AROC of 0.749, 64.4% sensitivity, and 79.0% specificity. Also, VTDS-M correlated positively with VHI-M, especially the physical and emotional subscales. <b>Conclusions:</b> VTDS-M demonstrated reliable psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for assessing vocal discomfort in Malayalam-speaking populations specifically among the professional voice users. Future studies should explore its applicability to non-professional voice users with varied severity levels of dysphonia.
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spelling doaj-art-edbd03320ba94bfe8b3e502a0e83055f2025-08-20T02:12:38ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-0115325910.3390/diagnostics15030259Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort ScaleSunil Kumar Ravi0Srushti Shabnam1Saraswathi Thupakula2Vijaya Kumar Narne3Krishna Yerraguntla4Abdulaziz Almudhi5Irfana Madathodiyil6Feby Sajan7Kochette Ria Jacob8Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi ArabiaNitte Institute of Speech and Hearing, NITTE University, Mangaluru 575018, IndiaShravana Institute of Speech and Hearing, Ballari 583104, IndiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi ArabiaShravana Institute of Speech and Hearing, Ballari 583104, IndiaShravana Institute of Speech and Hearing, Ballari 583104, India<b>Background:</b> Voice disorders significantly impact individuals’ physical, functional, and emotional well-being, necessitating comprehensive assessment tools. The Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) assesses the frequency and severity of vocal discomfort symptoms. Despite its global adaptations, no validated Malayalam version has existed. This study aimed to adapt and validate the VTDS for Malayalam speakers (VTDS-M). <b>Method:</b> The study was conducted in two phases: Phase I involved translation and cultural adaptation of VTDS into Malayalam, followed by content validation by native-speaking speech language pathologists; Phase II involved validation of VTDS-M on 150 professional voice users, categorized into normophonic (<i>n</i> = 105) and dysphonic (<i>n</i> = 45) groups based on otolaryngological and perceptual voice evaluations. Participants completed VTDS-M and VHI-M (Voice Handicap Index—Malayalam). <b>Results:</b> The results showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.827 for frequency, 0.813 for severity). Significant differences were observed between groups for VTDS-M subscales and total scores, confirming its discriminatory capability. ROC analysis established a cut-off score of 11.5, with an AROC of 0.749, 64.4% sensitivity, and 79.0% specificity. Also, VTDS-M correlated positively with VHI-M, especially the physical and emotional subscales. <b>Conclusions:</b> VTDS-M demonstrated reliable psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for assessing vocal discomfort in Malayalam-speaking populations specifically among the professional voice users. Future studies should explore its applicability to non-professional voice users with varied severity levels of dysphonia.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/3/259Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS)Voice Handicap Index (VHI)normophonicdysphonicvoice disordersMalayalam
spellingShingle Sunil Kumar Ravi
Srushti Shabnam
Saraswathi Thupakula
Vijaya Kumar Narne
Krishna Yerraguntla
Abdulaziz Almudhi
Irfana Madathodiyil
Feby Sajan
Kochette Ria Jacob
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
Diagnostics
Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS)
Voice Handicap Index (VHI)
normophonic
dysphonic
voice disorders
Malayalam
title Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
title_full Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
title_fullStr Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
title_full_unstemmed Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
title_short Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
title_sort cross cultural adaptation and validation of the malayalam version of the vocal tract discomfort scale
topic Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS)
Voice Handicap Index (VHI)
normophonic
dysphonic
voice disorders
Malayalam
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/3/259
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