Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition that primarily affects people in the first half of their lives. TOS is divided into three types depending on the affected structures: neurogenic, arterial, and venous. The spectrum of symptoms is broad, ranging from their complete absence to life-t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Quality in Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/61241 |
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| author | Joanna Wziątek Piotr Kowalik Magdalena Strzelczyk Paula Bętkowska Iwona Koziołek Gabriela Pabis Patrycja Fatyga Daria Krzyżanowska Wiktoria Fatyga Kinga Dowierciał |
| author_facet | Joanna Wziątek Piotr Kowalik Magdalena Strzelczyk Paula Bętkowska Iwona Koziołek Gabriela Pabis Patrycja Fatyga Daria Krzyżanowska Wiktoria Fatyga Kinga Dowierciał |
| author_sort | Joanna Wziątek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition that primarily affects people in the first half of their lives. TOS is divided into three types depending on the affected structures: neurogenic, arterial, and venous. The spectrum of symptoms is broad, ranging from their complete absence to life-threatening thromboembolic events. Due to the lack of clear guidelines, diagnosis is difficult and prolonged.
Materials and methods
This review includes an analysis of recent clinical trials and studies. It was prepared
by analyzing data from PubMed, covering the period from 2008 to 2025. The studies were selected using the keywords: „thoracic outlet syndrome”, „brachial plexus compression”, „neurovascular compression”, „Paget-Schroetter syndrome”, „rib resection” and „diagnostic imaging”, along with time filters.
Aim of the study
This study aims to review the methods of diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome, focusing on imaging techniques and conservative management.
Summary
The study shows that difficulties in accurately diagnosing and classifying thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) still persist. A correlation between clinical symptoms and imaging results is necessary. Both conservative and surgical treatment methods are highly effective in reducing the symptoms of the condition. The approach to diagnosis and treatment should be tailored individually by a highly qualified specialist with experience in this field.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-edb237dda18e4dbb926235b44cb83758 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2450-3118 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quality in Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-edb237dda18e4dbb926235b44cb837582025-08-20T02:42:15ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-07-014310.12775/QS.2025.43.61241Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical ApproachesJoanna Wziątek0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1656-7477Piotr Kowalik1https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4813-9742Magdalena Strzelczyk2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6312-3002Paula Bętkowska3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7050-4039Iwona Koziołek4https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1077-3640Gabriela Pabis5https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3208-5160Patrycja Fatyga6https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1277-1246Daria Krzyżanowska7https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5349-5679Wiktoria Fatyga8https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5931-925XKinga Dowierciał9https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9132-1026Municipal Medical Centre Jonscher in Łódź, Milionowa 14 Street, 93-113 Łódź, Poland Medical University of Lodz Tadeusz Kosciuszko Avenue 4 , 90–419 LodzMunicipal Medical Centre Jonscher in Łódź, Milionowa 14 Street, 93-113 Lodz, Poland Municipal Medical Centre Jonscher in Łódź, Milionowa 14 Street, 93-113 Lodz, Poland The Provincial Hospital, Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce, PolandThe Provincial Hospital, Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce, Poland The Provincial Hospital, Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce, PolandMunicipal Medical Centre Jonscher in Łódź, Milionowa 14 Street, 93-113 Lodz, Poland Non-public Health Care Facility Prophylactics Wiesława Piotrowska Limited Liability Company, Jana Jeziorańskiego 137, 25-432 Kielce, Poland Independent Public Regional Specialist Hospital in Chelm Ceramiczna 1 Street, 22-100 Chelm, Poland Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition that primarily affects people in the first half of their lives. TOS is divided into three types depending on the affected structures: neurogenic, arterial, and venous. The spectrum of symptoms is broad, ranging from their complete absence to life-threatening thromboembolic events. Due to the lack of clear guidelines, diagnosis is difficult and prolonged. Materials and methods This review includes an analysis of recent clinical trials and studies. It was prepared by analyzing data from PubMed, covering the period from 2008 to 2025. The studies were selected using the keywords: „thoracic outlet syndrome”, „brachial plexus compression”, „neurovascular compression”, „Paget-Schroetter syndrome”, „rib resection” and „diagnostic imaging”, along with time filters. Aim of the study This study aims to review the methods of diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome, focusing on imaging techniques and conservative management. Summary The study shows that difficulties in accurately diagnosing and classifying thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) still persist. A correlation between clinical symptoms and imaging results is necessary. Both conservative and surgical treatment methods are highly effective in reducing the symptoms of the condition. The approach to diagnosis and treatment should be tailored individually by a highly qualified specialist with experience in this field. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/61241TOSthoracic outlet syndromebrachial plexus compressionfirst rib resectionbotulinum toxin |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Wziątek Piotr Kowalik Magdalena Strzelczyk Paula Bętkowska Iwona Koziołek Gabriela Pabis Patrycja Fatyga Daria Krzyżanowska Wiktoria Fatyga Kinga Dowierciał Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches Quality in Sport TOS thoracic outlet syndrome brachial plexus compression first rib resection botulinum toxin |
| title | Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches |
| title_full | Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches |
| title_short | Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Imaging Modalities, Conservative Interventions, and Surgical Approaches |
| title_sort | diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome a systematic review of imaging modalities conservative interventions and surgical approaches |
| topic | TOS thoracic outlet syndrome brachial plexus compression first rib resection botulinum toxin |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/61241 |
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