Use of 4D Printing in Orthodontics: Self-Adjusting Brackets for Dynamic Tooth Movement

Use of 4D Printing in Orthodontics: Self-Adjusting Brackets for Dynamic Tooth Movement

Background: 4D printing, an evolution of 3D printing, incorporates time as the fourth dimension to enable shape-changing materials to respond to external stimuli. Its application in orthodontics is a burgeoning field, offering possibilities for self-adjusting brackets that adapt dynamically to the b...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Mohammad Younis Hajeer, Ebtehal Dhyab M. Alserhani, Talal Olayan Albuhiran, Abdulrhman Atyah Alzhrani, Abdullah Musallam Alsalem, Salman Ahmed Aljudaya, Hind Hani Alruwaili
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-06-01
Series:	Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences
Subjects:	4d printing dynamic tooth movement orthodontic efficiency orthodontics patient comfort self-adjusting brackets shape-memory polymers
Online Access:	https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_81_25
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