Use of 4D Printing in Orthodontics: Self-Adjusting Brackets for Dynamic Tooth Movement

Use of 4D Printing in Orthodontics: Self-Adjusting Brackets for Dynamic Tooth Movement

Background: 4D printing, an evolution of 3D printing, incorporates time as the fourth dimension to enable shape-changing materials to respond to external stimuli. Its application in orthodontics is a burgeoning field, offering possibilities for self-adjusting brackets that adapt dynamically to the b...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Mohammad Younis Hajeer, Ebtehal Dhyab M. Alserhani, Talal Olayan Albuhiran, Abdulrhman Atyah Alzhrani, Abdullah Musallam Alsalem, Salman Ahmed Aljudaya, Hind Hani Alruwaili
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences
Subjects:
4d printing
dynamic tooth movement
orthodontic efficiency
orthodontics
patient comfort
self-adjusting brackets
shape-memory polymers
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_81_25
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