Identification of technology-based models and efficacy of digital-based pain facial expression assessment tools among children: a systematic review
Abstract Background Pain management in children remains a significant challenge due to the lack of appropriate assessment methods. Facial expression-based instruments are widely used as facial expressions serve as a key nonverbal indicator of pain. However, conventional paper-based tools have limita...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Nursing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03451-9 |
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