Observer-Based Remote Conductivity Variable-Parameter Sliding Mode Control for Water–Fertilizer Integration Machines Using Recursive Least Squares Adaptive Estimation

Observer-Based Remote Conductivity Variable-Parameter Sliding Mode Control for Water–Fertilizer Integration Machines Using Recursive Least Squares Adaptive Estimation

In remote conductivity control for water–fertilizer integration systems, challenges such as long-distance nonlinearities and variable parameters can lead to fertilization inaccuracies, including over-irrigation and uneven distribution, affecting both productivity and environmental sustainability. To...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peng Zhang, Zhigang Li, Xue Hu, Lixin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
recursive least squares observer
PMSM servo system
sliding mode control
parameter adaptation
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4993
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