Welding design of API 5L X65 pipeline steel: Effects of robotic hybrid laser arc welding versus GMAW on fracture toughness evaluated by SENT tests in air and hydrogen

This study examines the microstructural and mechanical properties of ferritic steel specimens welded using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and hybrid laser arc welding (HLAW) processes, focusing on their behaviour in both air and hydrogen environments. Using atom probe tomography, we conduct a deta...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mahdieh Safyari, Masoud Moshtaghi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Materials & Design
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003703
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