Challenges in Toxicological Risk Assessment of Environmental Cadmium Exposure

Dietary exposure to a high dose of cadmium (Cd) ≥ 100 µg/day for at least 50 years or a lifetime intake of Cd ≥ 1 g can cause severe damage to the kidneys and bones. Alarmingly, however, exposure to a dose of Cd between 10 and 15 µg/day and excretion of Cd at a rate below 0.5 µg/g creatinine have be...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Soisungwan Satarug
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/5/404
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