Cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulation, exercise, and self-management for spinal pain

Abstract Background The United States spends more money on the care of back and neck pain than any other health condition. Despite this, the cost-effectiveness for many recommended treatments is unclear. Our primary objective for this project was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of spinal manipula...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Brent D. Leininger, Karen M. Kuntz, James S. Hodges, Roni Evans, Eva Enns, Pamela Jo Johnson, Gert Bronfort
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-025-00599-8
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