The effects of heavy smoking on oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, vascular dysfunction, and hematological indices

The effects of heavy smoking on oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, vascular dysfunction, and hematological indices

Abstract Smoking remains a major health issue worldwide, causing various diseases. This research examines the effects of heavy smoking on oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, blood vascular health, and hematological parameters. A study conducted at Par Private Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, from Apr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhikal Omar Khudhur, Shukur Wasman Smail, Harem Khdir Awla, Gasheen Bakhtiyar Ahmed, Yara Omar Khdhir, Kawa Amin, Christer Janson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Smoking
Endothelin-1
Inflammatory biomarkers
Hematological indices
And vascular dysfunction
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03075-8
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03075-8

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