An In Vitro Approach to Prime or Boost Human Antigen-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Responses: Applications to Vaccine Studies

Although vaccine development has primarily focused on inducing neutralizing antibodies, increasing evidence supports an important role of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in vaccine effectiveness. Routine assays, which are mainly based on antibody titers, may therefore not accurately ref...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hoang Oanh Nguyen, Mariela P. Cabral-Piccin, Victor Appay, Laura Papagno
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/729
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Summary:Although vaccine development has primarily focused on inducing neutralizing antibodies, increasing evidence supports an important role of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in vaccine effectiveness. Routine assays, which are mainly based on antibody titers, may therefore not accurately reflect the full immune response elicited by vaccination. Assessing antigen-specific T cell responses upon vaccination poses several challenges. A common issue in studying T cells specific to a vaccine antigen is their low frequency in circulation, which can limit their ex vivo analysis. Moreover, the use of human cell-based models is crucial for studying and optimizing the induction of T cell responses to design effective vaccines. We developed an innovative in vitro approach of human CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell priming, based on the rapid mobilization of dendritic cells (DCs) directly from unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This simple and original method allows for side-by-side comparisons of multiple test parameters in a standardized system, providing both quantitative and qualitative readouts of primed antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Here, we discuss the genesis of this approach and its versatile applications, including monitoring antigen-specific T cell responses, evaluating an individual’s T cell priming capacity, and conducting preclinical studies on potential adjuvants and vaccine candidates.
ISSN:2076-393X