Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases: The Role of Genetics, Hormones, and Aging

In recent years, gender medicine has emerged as a field of research analyzing sex-related differences in health and disease. Biological sex, depending on sex chromosome complement, sex steroid hormones, and reproductive organs, has been demonstrated to influence human susceptibility to infections, i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pierluigi Rio, Mario Caldarelli, Edoardo Miccoli, Giulia Guazzarotti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Gambassi, Rossella Cianci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diseases
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/6/179
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