Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer

Protein is an important component of beer, and its type, content and molecular weight directly affect the quality of beer, especially the foam quality of beer. Different brands of wheat beer and barley beer available in the market were used for this analysis. The differences in protein composition a...

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Main Authors: Xiu Li, Kai Jiang, Yuhong Jin, Junhan Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3400
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author Xiu Li
Kai Jiang
Yuhong Jin
Junhan Liu
author_facet Xiu Li
Kai Jiang
Yuhong Jin
Junhan Liu
author_sort Xiu Li
collection DOAJ
description Protein is an important component of beer, and its type, content and molecular weight directly affect the quality of beer, especially the foam quality of beer. Different brands of wheat beer and barley beer available in the market were used for this analysis. The differences in protein composition and foam performance between multi-sample barley and wheat beer were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-pressure size exclusion chromatography. Protein significantly influences beer quality, particularly its foam properties. Wheat beer (WB) has 9.52–84.10% more total protein content than barley beer (BB). The primary proteins in both beers are 6.9–20.1 kDa, with WB having 1.04 g/L more of this protein, 60.11% higher than that of BB. It is one of the main different proteins between WB and BB. WB also contains 66.67% more 20.1–32.4 kDa protein compared to BB. This is one of the main differences between WB and BB proteins. Both 6.9–20.1 kDa and 20.1–32.4 kDa proteins enhance beer viscosity and foam properties. Additionally, WB’s > 32.4 kDa protein content is 246.67% higher than BB’s, significantly improving beer hydrophobicity and foam performance. These protein differences are key factors in the superior foam quality of WB.
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spelling doaj-art-e7102a51a87e407eb2e79831b23d620e2025-08-20T02:14:16ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-10-011321340010.3390/foods13213400Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat BeerXiu Li0Kai Jiang1Yuhong Jin2Junhan Liu3Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaProtein is an important component of beer, and its type, content and molecular weight directly affect the quality of beer, especially the foam quality of beer. Different brands of wheat beer and barley beer available in the market were used for this analysis. The differences in protein composition and foam performance between multi-sample barley and wheat beer were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-pressure size exclusion chromatography. Protein significantly influences beer quality, particularly its foam properties. Wheat beer (WB) has 9.52–84.10% more total protein content than barley beer (BB). The primary proteins in both beers are 6.9–20.1 kDa, with WB having 1.04 g/L more of this protein, 60.11% higher than that of BB. It is one of the main different proteins between WB and BB. WB also contains 66.67% more 20.1–32.4 kDa protein compared to BB. This is one of the main differences between WB and BB proteins. Both 6.9–20.1 kDa and 20.1–32.4 kDa proteins enhance beer viscosity and foam properties. Additionally, WB’s > 32.4 kDa protein content is 246.67% higher than BB’s, significantly improving beer hydrophobicity and foam performance. These protein differences are key factors in the superior foam quality of WB.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3400beerwheat maltprotein molecular weightsurface hydrophobicityfoam property
spellingShingle Xiu Li
Kai Jiang
Yuhong Jin
Junhan Liu
Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer
Foods
beer
wheat malt
protein molecular weight
surface hydrophobicity
foam property
title Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer
title_full Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer
title_fullStr Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer
title_short Comparative Study on Protein Composition and Foam Characteristics of Barley and Wheat Beer
title_sort comparative study on protein composition and foam characteristics of barley and wheat beer
topic beer
wheat malt
protein molecular weight
surface hydrophobicity
foam property
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3400
work_keys_str_mv AT xiuli comparativestudyonproteincompositionandfoamcharacteristicsofbarleyandwheatbeer
AT kaijiang comparativestudyonproteincompositionandfoamcharacteristicsofbarleyandwheatbeer
AT yuhongjin comparativestudyonproteincompositionandfoamcharacteristicsofbarleyandwheatbeer
AT junhanliu comparativestudyonproteincompositionandfoamcharacteristicsofbarleyandwheatbeer