The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1990 to 2021 and the impact on prevention and control

Abstract Background Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are common infectious diseases and remain a heavy burden, especially in some low-income countries. Although the global burden has decreased over the past three decades, an analysis of the burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever will help inform publi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Guihong Liu, Xin Zhang, Qian Cao, Tao Chen, Binbin Hu, Huashan Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11223-8
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