The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system

Abstract Given the urgent need to develop new methods of CO2/CO utilization, understanding the mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS)—a primordial nickel-containing enzyme that converts these gases into a source of cellular energy—is crucial; however, conflicting hypotheses and a dearth of well-char...

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Main Authors: Shounak Nath, Leonel Griego, Liviu M. Mirica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60163-z
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author Shounak Nath
Leonel Griego
Liviu M. Mirica
author_facet Shounak Nath
Leonel Griego
Liviu M. Mirica
author_sort Shounak Nath
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Given the urgent need to develop new methods of CO2/CO utilization, understanding the mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS)—a primordial nickel-containing enzyme that converts these gases into a source of cellular energy—is crucial; however, conflicting hypotheses and a dearth of well-characterized bioorganometallic intermediates have hindered a proper understanding of its mechanism. Herein, we report a functional model system that supports several organometallic intermediates proposed for ACS, including the long sought-after Ni(methyl)(CO) species, and promotes all key reaction steps during catalysis: methylation, carbonylation, and thiolysis. Our investigations provide the following key mechanistic insights that are directly relevant to ACS: (i) the binding of a second CO molecule to the Ni center promotes migratory insertion, (ii) both paramagnetic and diamagnetic Ni intermediates are involved, (iii) one-electron oxidation of the NiII(acetyl)(thiolate) species drives a fast reductive elimination, and (iv) a random binding order of the methyl and CO groups to the Ni center is feasible.
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spelling doaj-art-e68dfd9e7db84031ab45bfcfdfced5c72025-08-20T02:05:38ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-06-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-60163-zThe mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model systemShounak Nath0Leonel Griego1Liviu M. Mirica2Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignAbstract Given the urgent need to develop new methods of CO2/CO utilization, understanding the mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS)—a primordial nickel-containing enzyme that converts these gases into a source of cellular energy—is crucial; however, conflicting hypotheses and a dearth of well-characterized bioorganometallic intermediates have hindered a proper understanding of its mechanism. Herein, we report a functional model system that supports several organometallic intermediates proposed for ACS, including the long sought-after Ni(methyl)(CO) species, and promotes all key reaction steps during catalysis: methylation, carbonylation, and thiolysis. Our investigations provide the following key mechanistic insights that are directly relevant to ACS: (i) the binding of a second CO molecule to the Ni center promotes migratory insertion, (ii) both paramagnetic and diamagnetic Ni intermediates are involved, (iii) one-electron oxidation of the NiII(acetyl)(thiolate) species drives a fast reductive elimination, and (iv) a random binding order of the methyl and CO groups to the Ni center is feasible.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60163-z
spellingShingle Shounak Nath
Leonel Griego
Liviu M. Mirica
The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
Nature Communications
title The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
title_full The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
title_fullStr The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
title_full_unstemmed The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
title_short The mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
title_sort mechanism of acetyl coa synthase through the lens of a nickel model system
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60163-z
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