Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections
PurposeMany individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) have poor humoral immune (HI) vaccine responses. Only a few studies have examined specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was t...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| author | Dana Unninayar Emilia L. Falcone Hugo Chapdelaine Donald C. Vinh Karina A. Top Beata Derfalvi Thomas B. Issekutz Hélène Decaluwe Anne Pham-Huy Julia Upton Stephen D. Betschel Tamar Rubin Sneha Suresh Nicola A. M. Wright Luis Murguía-Favela Tatiana Kalashnikova Lisa Barrett Sharon Oldford Marc-Andre Langlois Corey Arnold Manish Sadarangani Tinghua Zhang Tim Ramsay Dina Yazji Juthaporn Cowan Juthaporn Cowan |
| author_facet | Dana Unninayar Emilia L. Falcone Hugo Chapdelaine Donald C. Vinh Karina A. Top Beata Derfalvi Thomas B. Issekutz Hélène Decaluwe Anne Pham-Huy Julia Upton Stephen D. Betschel Tamar Rubin Sneha Suresh Nicola A. M. Wright Luis Murguía-Favela Tatiana Kalashnikova Lisa Barrett Sharon Oldford Marc-Andre Langlois Corey Arnold Manish Sadarangani Tinghua Zhang Tim Ramsay Dina Yazji Juthaporn Cowan Juthaporn Cowan |
| author_sort | Dana Unninayar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeMany individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) have poor humoral immune (HI) vaccine responses. Only a few studies have examined specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine HI and CMI responses up to 6 months post-COVID-19 vaccine dose 3 in adults with IEIs.MethodsA multi-center prospective observational study was conducted across Canada to collect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific HI and CMI data at 4- and 24-week intervals after vaccine doses 2 and 3 (D2 + 4wk/D2 + 24wk/D3 + 4wk/D3 + 24wk).ResultsA total of 149 adults with IEIs and 423 healthy controls were recruited from July 2021 to October 2023. Geometric mean anti-spike IgG (binding antibody units/mL) and spike-specific T-cell responses [IFN-γ+ T cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] were significantly lower in IEIs compared to controls at D2 + 4wk, D3 + 4wk, and D3 + 24wk. However, at 6 months after completing the primary series (three doses for IEIs and two doses for healthy), both HI and CMI responses of both IEI participants and healthy controls persisted and were comparable. There was a strong correlation between neutralizing antibody titer (ID50) and anti-spike IgG but not between ID50 and CMI. There was only one reported case of hospitalized COVID-19 disease before and none after completing the primary series among IEI participants.ConclusionAdults with IEIs mounted both HI and CMI responses following COVID-19 vaccines, which were lower than those of healthy individuals but were present at least up to 6 months after dose 3. These data support the initial recommendation for a three-dose primary series among IEIs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6198542dd7346009d446b888341ad3e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6198542dd7346009d446b888341ad3e2025-01-21T08:37:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15019081501908Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infectionsDana Unninayar0Emilia L. Falcone1Hugo Chapdelaine2Donald C. Vinh3Karina A. Top4Beata Derfalvi5Thomas B. Issekutz6Hélène Decaluwe7Anne Pham-Huy8Julia Upton9Stephen D. Betschel10Tamar Rubin11Sneha Suresh12Nicola A. M. Wright13Luis Murguía-Favela14Tatiana Kalashnikova15Lisa Barrett16Sharon Oldford17Marc-Andre Langlois18Corey Arnold19Manish Sadarangani20Tinghua Zhang21Tim Ramsay22Dina Yazji23Juthaporn Cowan24Juthaporn Cowan25Inflammation and Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaIWK Health, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaIWK Health, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaIWK Health, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaCentre Hospitalier de l’Université (CHU) Ste Justine, Centre de Recherche, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, CanadaThe Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaClinical Immunology and Allergy, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada0Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada1Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada1Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada1Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada2Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada2Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada3Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada3Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada4Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaInflammation and Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaInflammation and Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada3Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaInflammation and Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada3Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaPurposeMany individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) have poor humoral immune (HI) vaccine responses. Only a few studies have examined specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine HI and CMI responses up to 6 months post-COVID-19 vaccine dose 3 in adults with IEIs.MethodsA multi-center prospective observational study was conducted across Canada to collect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific HI and CMI data at 4- and 24-week intervals after vaccine doses 2 and 3 (D2 + 4wk/D2 + 24wk/D3 + 4wk/D3 + 24wk).ResultsA total of 149 adults with IEIs and 423 healthy controls were recruited from July 2021 to October 2023. Geometric mean anti-spike IgG (binding antibody units/mL) and spike-specific T-cell responses [IFN-γ+ T cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] were significantly lower in IEIs compared to controls at D2 + 4wk, D3 + 4wk, and D3 + 24wk. However, at 6 months after completing the primary series (three doses for IEIs and two doses for healthy), both HI and CMI responses of both IEI participants and healthy controls persisted and were comparable. There was a strong correlation between neutralizing antibody titer (ID50) and anti-spike IgG but not between ID50 and CMI. There was only one reported case of hospitalized COVID-19 disease before and none after completing the primary series among IEI participants.ConclusionAdults with IEIs mounted both HI and CMI responses following COVID-19 vaccines, which were lower than those of healthy individuals but were present at least up to 6 months after dose 3. These data support the initial recommendation for a three-dose primary series among IEIs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1501908/fullCOVID-19vaccine responseinborn error of immunityhumoral immunitycellular mediated immunityimmunogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Dana Unninayar Emilia L. Falcone Hugo Chapdelaine Donald C. Vinh Karina A. Top Beata Derfalvi Thomas B. Issekutz Hélène Decaluwe Anne Pham-Huy Julia Upton Stephen D. Betschel Tamar Rubin Sneha Suresh Nicola A. M. Wright Luis Murguía-Favela Tatiana Kalashnikova Lisa Barrett Sharon Oldford Marc-Andre Langlois Corey Arnold Manish Sadarangani Tinghua Zhang Tim Ramsay Dina Yazji Juthaporn Cowan Juthaporn Cowan Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections Frontiers in Immunology COVID-19 vaccine response inborn error of immunity humoral immunity cellular mediated immunity immunogenicity |
| title | Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections |
| title_full | Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections |
| title_fullStr | Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections |
| title_short | Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines up to 6 months post three-dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections |
| title_sort | humoral and cell mediated immune responses to covid 19 vaccines up to 6 months post three dose primary series in adults with inborn errors of immunity and their breakthrough infections |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccine response inborn error of immunity humoral immunity cellular mediated immunity immunogenicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1501908/full |
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