Smoking can increase the risk of osteoarthritis in European women

Abstract The effect of smoking on osteoarthritis remains controversial and its effect on osteoarthritis of different genders remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the causality in different sexes and to identify the mediating effect of obesity. A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis w...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Beini Mao, Hetong Li, Jintao Zhong, Xiuwang Li, Hongxun Sang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09546-2
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