Essential Workers and Transit Ridership Retention During COVID-19 Shocks in the Toronto Region

This paper investigates the relationship between ridership loss and socioeconomic characteristics across 333 transit surface routes (buses and streetcars). Using beta regression, we model ridership loss as a function of Census-derived variables including income, car as main mode of travel, visible m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sana Riaz, Christopher Higgins, Steven Farber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Findings Press 2025-07-01
Series:Findings
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.141220
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