Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions
For PV/T systems, nanofluids are used to collect thermal energy and cool the PV panels in order to generate more electricity. To date, researchers have not agreed on a name for the optimal nanofluid for photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) applications, despite extensive experiments on a variety of nanofluid...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24016411 |
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| author | Miqdam T. Chaichan Hussein A. Kazem Maytham T. Mahdi Ali H.A. Al-Waeli Anees A. Khadom K. Sopian |
| author_facet | Miqdam T. Chaichan Hussein A. Kazem Maytham T. Mahdi Ali H.A. Al-Waeli Anees A. Khadom K. Sopian |
| author_sort | Miqdam T. Chaichan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For PV/T systems, nanofluids are used to collect thermal energy and cool the PV panels in order to generate more electricity. To date, researchers have not agreed on a name for the optimal nanofluid for photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) applications, despite extensive experiments on a variety of nanofluids and in various types of heat exchangers. In this practical study, an attempt is made to find a method for selecting the best nanofluid from a large number of these fluids. The various nanoparticles were chosen based on their availability in local markets and subjected to numerous studies including nanofluids. SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, and Al2O3 particles were mixed with water (primary liquid) to form seven coolants. By examining the thermophysical properties of the prepared suspensions (SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, TiO2, ZnO, CuO, and Al2O3), it was found that their densities increased by 0.5 %, 0.8 %, 13.3 %, 1.67 %, 11.03 %, 9.32 %, and 7.32 % compared to water, respectively. Also, the viscosity was increased by 1.83 %, 0.84 %, 11.82 %, 1.14 %, 1.43 %, 1.44 % and 3.92 % compared to water, respectively. As well as their thermal conductivities increased by 103.3 %, 81.6 %, 66.1 %, 36.6 %, 40 %, 21 %, and 27 % compared to water, respectively.Two main parts of the study were examined. Initially, tests were carried out in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 °C and a radiation intensity of 1000 W/m2. The second part of the tests was conducted outdoors under harsh climatic conditions, which are among the worst in the world, including some of the harshest weather conditions in Baghdad in July 2022. This practical study aims to use highly efficient nanofluids as heat transfer materials in photovoltaic/thermal systems. SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, Al2O3, and MWCNT are used to enhance the performance of PV/T system at different testing conditions. There is a noticeable increase in electricity produced, starting at 32.39 % and ending at 118.32 %. The fluids tested at a flow rate of 9 l/min also showed interesting results. Comparing SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, and Al2O3 to water cooling, the thermal efficiency was increased by 177 %, 73.14 %, 60.95 %, 32.39 %, 27.9 %, 61.91 %, and 65 %, respectively. SWCNTs achieve the lowest irreversibility values when compared to other nanofluids. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5b8f3b6848843ae815e0ef36922ee5e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5b8f3b6848843ae815e0ef36922ee5e2025-01-08T04:52:39ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-01-0165105610Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditionsMiqdam T. Chaichan0Hussein A. Kazem1Maytham T. Mahdi2Ali H.A. Al-Waeli3Anees A. Khadom4K. Sopian5Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq; Corresponding author.Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, PO Box 44, Sohar, PCI 311, OmanEnergy and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, IraqEngineering Department, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, MalaysiaFor PV/T systems, nanofluids are used to collect thermal energy and cool the PV panels in order to generate more electricity. To date, researchers have not agreed on a name for the optimal nanofluid for photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) applications, despite extensive experiments on a variety of nanofluids and in various types of heat exchangers. In this practical study, an attempt is made to find a method for selecting the best nanofluid from a large number of these fluids. The various nanoparticles were chosen based on their availability in local markets and subjected to numerous studies including nanofluids. SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, and Al2O3 particles were mixed with water (primary liquid) to form seven coolants. By examining the thermophysical properties of the prepared suspensions (SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, TiO2, ZnO, CuO, and Al2O3), it was found that their densities increased by 0.5 %, 0.8 %, 13.3 %, 1.67 %, 11.03 %, 9.32 %, and 7.32 % compared to water, respectively. Also, the viscosity was increased by 1.83 %, 0.84 %, 11.82 %, 1.14 %, 1.43 %, 1.44 % and 3.92 % compared to water, respectively. As well as their thermal conductivities increased by 103.3 %, 81.6 %, 66.1 %, 36.6 %, 40 %, 21 %, and 27 % compared to water, respectively.Two main parts of the study were examined. Initially, tests were carried out in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 °C and a radiation intensity of 1000 W/m2. The second part of the tests was conducted outdoors under harsh climatic conditions, which are among the worst in the world, including some of the harshest weather conditions in Baghdad in July 2022. This practical study aims to use highly efficient nanofluids as heat transfer materials in photovoltaic/thermal systems. SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, Al2O3, and MWCNT are used to enhance the performance of PV/T system at different testing conditions. There is a noticeable increase in electricity produced, starting at 32.39 % and ending at 118.32 %. The fluids tested at a flow rate of 9 l/min also showed interesting results. Comparing SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, and Al2O3 to water cooling, the thermal efficiency was increased by 177 %, 73.14 %, 60.95 %, 32.39 %, 27.9 %, 61.91 %, and 65 %, respectively. SWCNTs achieve the lowest irreversibility values when compared to other nanofluids.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24016411Photovoltaic/thermal systemsnanofluidsexergyirreversibilityHarsh weather conditions |
| spellingShingle | Miqdam T. Chaichan Hussein A. Kazem Maytham T. Mahdi Ali H.A. Al-Waeli Anees A. Khadom K. Sopian Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Photovoltaic/thermal systems nanofluids exergy irreversibility Harsh weather conditions |
| title | Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions |
| title_full | Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions |
| title_fullStr | Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions |
| title_short | Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions |
| title_sort | optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic thermal pv t systems in adverse climatic conditions |
| topic | Photovoltaic/thermal systems nanofluids exergy irreversibility Harsh weather conditions |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24016411 |
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