Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasingly prevalent and a major cause of irreversible blindness, particularly in developing countries. Limited access to ophthalmologists often leads to delayed diagnosis, emphasizing the need for more affordable and widely accessible screening met...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Ophthalmology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04075-y |
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| author | Ohisa Harley Yufilia Suci Amelia Elsa Gustianty Nanny N. M. Soetedjo Arief S. Kartasasmita |
| author_facet | Ohisa Harley Yufilia Suci Amelia Elsa Gustianty Nanny N. M. Soetedjo Arief S. Kartasasmita |
| author_sort | Ohisa Harley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasingly prevalent and a major cause of irreversible blindness, particularly in developing countries. Limited access to ophthalmologists often leads to delayed diagnosis, emphasizing the need for more affordable and widely accessible screening methods to facilitate early identification. Recently, several studies have demonstrated variability in findings regarding the relationship between leukocyte differential count ratio biomarkers and DR. This study aims to investigate the association between leukocyte differential count ratios—NLR (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), MLR (Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), and SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index)—and the stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases up to September 2024, with a focus on identifying studies examining the relationship between the leukocyte differential count ratio profiles and diabetic retinopathy. Review Manager was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the included studies. Results A total of 38 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean differences in the NLR and PLR values were significantly different among the groups and were higher in the PDR group (0.68 (95%CI 0.42–0.95, p < 0.05) and 19.57 (95%CI 10.68–28.46, p < 0.05; respectively). These findings were followed by significant differences in SII value 202.53 (95% CI 196.19–208.86, p < 0.05). Moreover, the MLR values were not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion NLR, PLR, and SII are associated with both the presence and progression of DR, with increasing levels of NLR and PLR reflecting a higher risk and severity of the disease. However, it is still necessary to justify the need to combine them with other clinical parameters to confirm the diagnosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e44422cf4ab9434b908fcbba641c521a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2415 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e44422cf4ab9434b908fcbba641c521a2025-08-20T02:10:53ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-05-0125112010.1186/s12886-025-04075-yExploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysisOhisa Harley0Yufilia Suci Amelia1Elsa Gustianty2Nanny N. M. Soetedjo3Arief S. Kartasasmita4Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran UniversityNetra Eye ClinicNetra Eye ClinicDepartement of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran UniversityNetra Eye ClinicAbstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasingly prevalent and a major cause of irreversible blindness, particularly in developing countries. Limited access to ophthalmologists often leads to delayed diagnosis, emphasizing the need for more affordable and widely accessible screening methods to facilitate early identification. Recently, several studies have demonstrated variability in findings regarding the relationship between leukocyte differential count ratio biomarkers and DR. This study aims to investigate the association between leukocyte differential count ratios—NLR (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), MLR (Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), and SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index)—and the stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases up to September 2024, with a focus on identifying studies examining the relationship between the leukocyte differential count ratio profiles and diabetic retinopathy. Review Manager was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the included studies. Results A total of 38 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean differences in the NLR and PLR values were significantly different among the groups and were higher in the PDR group (0.68 (95%CI 0.42–0.95, p < 0.05) and 19.57 (95%CI 10.68–28.46, p < 0.05; respectively). These findings were followed by significant differences in SII value 202.53 (95% CI 196.19–208.86, p < 0.05). Moreover, the MLR values were not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion NLR, PLR, and SII are associated with both the presence and progression of DR, with increasing levels of NLR and PLR reflecting a higher risk and severity of the disease. However, it is still necessary to justify the need to combine them with other clinical parameters to confirm the diagnosis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04075-yDiabetic retinopathyNeutrophilLymphocyteMonocytePlateletBiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Ohisa Harley Yufilia Suci Amelia Elsa Gustianty Nanny N. M. Soetedjo Arief S. Kartasasmita Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Ophthalmology Diabetic retinopathy Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelet Biomarker |
| title | Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Diabetic retinopathy Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelet Biomarker |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04075-y |
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