Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes

This paper investigates the effect of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate-sensing performance of imperfect ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) for devices having 8 and 16 evenly distributed electrodes. Mathematical models are developed for CVGs operating in (i) an open loop for a line...

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Main Authors: Davin Arifin, Stewart McWilliam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2263
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author Davin Arifin
Stewart McWilliam
author_facet Davin Arifin
Stewart McWilliam
author_sort Davin Arifin
collection DOAJ
description This paper investigates the effect of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate-sensing performance of imperfect ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) for devices having 8 and 16 evenly distributed electrodes. Mathematical models are developed for CVGs operating in (i) an open loop for a linear electrostatically trimmed device, (ii) a closed loop where a sense force balancing is applied to negate the sense quadrature response, and the effects of electrostatic nonlinearity are investigated for increasing drive amplitudes. The modeling indicates the nonlinear responses for 8- and 16-electrode arrangements are quite different, and this can be attributed to the nonlinear frequency imbalance, which depends on the drive and sense frequency softening as well as the presence of self-induced parametric excitation in the sense response. In open loop the 16-electrode arrangement exhibits much weaker levels of nonlinearity than the 8-electrode arrangement because the nonlinear frequency imbalance is less sensitive to drive amplitude. For devices operating in closed-loop with sense force balancing to ensure the drive and sense responses are in-phase/anti-phase, it is shown that ideal rate-sensing performance is achieved at large drive amplitudes for both 8- and 16-electrode arrangements. Using sense force balancing, rate sensing can be achieved using either the sense response or the required balancing voltage. For the latter, large nonlinear frequency imbalances and low damping levels enhance rate-sensing performance.
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spelling doaj-art-e411bf91a1124c999529db6d81dfbea02025-08-20T03:03:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01257226310.3390/s25072263Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive AmplitudesDavin Arifin0Stewart McWilliam1Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKDepartment of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKThis paper investigates the effect of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate-sensing performance of imperfect ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) for devices having 8 and 16 evenly distributed electrodes. Mathematical models are developed for CVGs operating in (i) an open loop for a linear electrostatically trimmed device, (ii) a closed loop where a sense force balancing is applied to negate the sense quadrature response, and the effects of electrostatic nonlinearity are investigated for increasing drive amplitudes. The modeling indicates the nonlinear responses for 8- and 16-electrode arrangements are quite different, and this can be attributed to the nonlinear frequency imbalance, which depends on the drive and sense frequency softening as well as the presence of self-induced parametric excitation in the sense response. In open loop the 16-electrode arrangement exhibits much weaker levels of nonlinearity than the 8-electrode arrangement because the nonlinear frequency imbalance is less sensitive to drive amplitude. For devices operating in closed-loop with sense force balancing to ensure the drive and sense responses are in-phase/anti-phase, it is shown that ideal rate-sensing performance is achieved at large drive amplitudes for both 8- and 16-electrode arrangements. Using sense force balancing, rate sensing can be achieved using either the sense response or the required balancing voltage. For the latter, large nonlinear frequency imbalances and low damping levels enhance rate-sensing performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2263Coriolis vibrating gyroscopeelectrostatic nonlinearitieselectrostatic tuningforce balancing
spellingShingle Davin Arifin
Stewart McWilliam
Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
Sensors
Coriolis vibrating gyroscope
electrostatic nonlinearities
electrostatic tuning
force balancing
title Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
title_full Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
title_fullStr Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
title_full_unstemmed Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
title_short Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
title_sort rate sensing performance of imperfect capacitive ring based mems coriolis vibrating gyroscopes at large drive amplitudes
topic Coriolis vibrating gyroscope
electrostatic nonlinearities
electrostatic tuning
force balancing
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2263
work_keys_str_mv AT davinarifin ratesensingperformanceofimperfectcapacitiveringbasedmemscoriolisvibratinggyroscopesatlargedriveamplitudes
AT stewartmcwilliam ratesensingperformanceofimperfectcapacitiveringbasedmemscoriolisvibratinggyroscopesatlargedriveamplitudes