Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes
This paper investigates the effect of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate-sensing performance of imperfect ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) for devices having 8 and 16 evenly distributed electrodes. Mathematical models are developed for CVGs operating in (i) an open loop for a line...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Davin Arifin Stewart McWilliam |
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| description | This paper investigates the effect of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate-sensing performance of imperfect ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) for devices having 8 and 16 evenly distributed electrodes. Mathematical models are developed for CVGs operating in (i) an open loop for a linear electrostatically trimmed device, (ii) a closed loop where a sense force balancing is applied to negate the sense quadrature response, and the effects of electrostatic nonlinearity are investigated for increasing drive amplitudes. The modeling indicates the nonlinear responses for 8- and 16-electrode arrangements are quite different, and this can be attributed to the nonlinear frequency imbalance, which depends on the drive and sense frequency softening as well as the presence of self-induced parametric excitation in the sense response. In open loop the 16-electrode arrangement exhibits much weaker levels of nonlinearity than the 8-electrode arrangement because the nonlinear frequency imbalance is less sensitive to drive amplitude. For devices operating in closed-loop with sense force balancing to ensure the drive and sense responses are in-phase/anti-phase, it is shown that ideal rate-sensing performance is achieved at large drive amplitudes for both 8- and 16-electrode arrangements. Using sense force balancing, rate sensing can be achieved using either the sense response or the required balancing voltage. For the latter, large nonlinear frequency imbalances and low damping levels enhance rate-sensing performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e411bf91a1124c999529db6d81dfbea0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-e411bf91a1124c999529db6d81dfbea02025-08-20T03:03:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01257226310.3390/s25072263Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive AmplitudesDavin Arifin0Stewart McWilliam1Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKDepartment of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKThis paper investigates the effect of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate-sensing performance of imperfect ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) for devices having 8 and 16 evenly distributed electrodes. Mathematical models are developed for CVGs operating in (i) an open loop for a linear electrostatically trimmed device, (ii) a closed loop where a sense force balancing is applied to negate the sense quadrature response, and the effects of electrostatic nonlinearity are investigated for increasing drive amplitudes. The modeling indicates the nonlinear responses for 8- and 16-electrode arrangements are quite different, and this can be attributed to the nonlinear frequency imbalance, which depends on the drive and sense frequency softening as well as the presence of self-induced parametric excitation in the sense response. In open loop the 16-electrode arrangement exhibits much weaker levels of nonlinearity than the 8-electrode arrangement because the nonlinear frequency imbalance is less sensitive to drive amplitude. For devices operating in closed-loop with sense force balancing to ensure the drive and sense responses are in-phase/anti-phase, it is shown that ideal rate-sensing performance is achieved at large drive amplitudes for both 8- and 16-electrode arrangements. Using sense force balancing, rate sensing can be achieved using either the sense response or the required balancing voltage. For the latter, large nonlinear frequency imbalances and low damping levels enhance rate-sensing performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2263Coriolis vibrating gyroscopeelectrostatic nonlinearitieselectrostatic tuningforce balancing |
| spellingShingle | Davin Arifin Stewart McWilliam Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes Sensors Coriolis vibrating gyroscope electrostatic nonlinearities electrostatic tuning force balancing |
| title | Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes |
| title_full | Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes |
| title_fullStr | Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes |
| title_short | Rate-Sensing Performance of Imperfect Capacitive Ring-Based MEMS Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes at Large Drive Amplitudes |
| title_sort | rate sensing performance of imperfect capacitive ring based mems coriolis vibrating gyroscopes at large drive amplitudes |
| topic | Coriolis vibrating gyroscope electrostatic nonlinearities electrostatic tuning force balancing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2263 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT davinarifin ratesensingperformanceofimperfectcapacitiveringbasedmemscoriolisvibratinggyroscopesatlargedriveamplitudes AT stewartmcwilliam ratesensingperformanceofimperfectcapacitiveringbasedmemscoriolisvibratinggyroscopesatlargedriveamplitudes |