The Effect of pH Solution in the Sol–Gel Process on the Process of Formation of Fractal Structures in Thin SnO<sub>2</sub> Films

The Effect of pH Solution in the Sol–Gel Process on the Process of Formation of Fractal Structures in Thin SnO<sub>2</sub> Films

In this paper, we investigated fractal cluster structures of colloidal particles in tin dioxide films obtained from lyophilic film-forming systems SnCl<sub>4</sub>/EtOH/NH<sub>4</sub>OH with different pH levels. It was revealed that at the ratio Sn > Cl<sub>2</sub...

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Main Authors: Ekaterina Bondar, Igor Lebedev, Anastasia Fedosimova, Elena Dmitriyeva, Sayora Ibraimova, Anton Nikolaev, Aigul Shongalova, Ainagul Kemelbekova, Mikhail Begunov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
Subjects:
tin dioxide
sol–gel method
hierarchical structures
nanoscale films
optical properties
gas sensors
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/6/353
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