SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway

Somatosensory disorders, especially pain, are prominent symptoms of COVID-19. Except for the viral infection process, SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins might be directly sensed by corresponding receptors, thereby triggering nociceptive signals in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH)....

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Main Authors: Wenliang Su, Xinrui Wang, Minghui Gu, Qiwei Zheng, Jiawen Yu, Dongliang Mu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2025.1163636/full
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author Wenliang Su
Xinrui Wang
Minghui Gu
Qiwei Zheng
Jiawen Yu
Dongliang Mu
author_facet Wenliang Su
Xinrui Wang
Minghui Gu
Qiwei Zheng
Jiawen Yu
Dongliang Mu
author_sort Wenliang Su
collection DOAJ
description Somatosensory disorders, especially pain, are prominent symptoms of COVID-19. Except for the viral infection process, SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins might be directly sensed by corresponding receptors, thereby triggering nociceptive signals in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Behavioral assays were performed to screen out the nociceptive effects of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (S2E) and spike protein receptor binding domain (S2S-RBD). Further investigation revealed that the genetic knockdown of TLR2 in the DRG and SDH significantly alleviated pain induced by both S2E and S2S-RBD. In contrast, the knockdown of TLR4 did not mitigate S2E-related pain but did reduce S2S-RBD-associated pain. Additionally, the knockdown of MyD88 effectively alleviated both mechanical and thermal pain induced by S2E and S2S-RBD. These findings indicate that the TLR2/4-MyD88 axis mediates SARS-CoV-2 protein-induced pain, and the interaction between viral proteins and neuro-immune receptors might serve as a key pathogenic factor in COVID-19 somatosensory disorders, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for these symptoms.
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issn 1662-5099
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-e1dd8b0217ff49dc99b80cd47cdf4e272025-08-20T03:45:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience1662-50992025-06-011810.3389/fnmol.2025.11636361163636SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathwayWenliang Su0Xinrui Wang1Minghui Gu2Qiwei Zheng3Jiawen Yu4Dongliang Mu5Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaShenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaSomatosensory disorders, especially pain, are prominent symptoms of COVID-19. Except for the viral infection process, SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins might be directly sensed by corresponding receptors, thereby triggering nociceptive signals in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Behavioral assays were performed to screen out the nociceptive effects of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (S2E) and spike protein receptor binding domain (S2S-RBD). Further investigation revealed that the genetic knockdown of TLR2 in the DRG and SDH significantly alleviated pain induced by both S2E and S2S-RBD. In contrast, the knockdown of TLR4 did not mitigate S2E-related pain but did reduce S2S-RBD-associated pain. Additionally, the knockdown of MyD88 effectively alleviated both mechanical and thermal pain induced by S2E and S2S-RBD. These findings indicate that the TLR2/4-MyD88 axis mediates SARS-CoV-2 protein-induced pain, and the interaction between viral proteins and neuro-immune receptors might serve as a key pathogenic factor in COVID-19 somatosensory disorders, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for these symptoms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2025.1163636/fullSARS-CoV-2TLR2TLR4MyD88pain
spellingShingle Wenliang Su
Xinrui Wang
Minghui Gu
Qiwei Zheng
Jiawen Yu
Dongliang Mu
SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
SARS-CoV-2
TLR2
TLR4
MyD88
pain
title SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway
title_full SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway
title_short SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway
title_sort sars cov 2 viral proteins trigger pain via tlr2 4 myd88 pathway
topic SARS-CoV-2
TLR2
TLR4
MyD88
pain
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2025.1163636/full
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