Instantaneous deposition-rate modulator for vacuum vapor deposition: fabrication of polarization gradated organic film

The molecular orientation and properties of vapor-deposited organic films are essential for device performance and typically governed by the deposition rate. Controlling the orientation during film growth allows the optimization of local properties from the interface to the bulk region. However, con...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sowon Kim, Masahiro Ohara, Hirohiko Fukagawa, Hisao Ishii
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Physics Express
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/adac26
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