Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is a conventional method used to prolong the shelf-life of fresh-cut vegetables, including lettuce. However, MAP-stored lettuce remains perishable, and its deterioration mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we utilized non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics to evalua...

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Main Authors: Fanny Widjaja, Priscille Steensma, Leevi Annala, Arto Klami, Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi, Mari Lehtonen, Kirsi S. Mikkonen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Current Research in Food Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927124002867
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author Fanny Widjaja
Priscille Steensma
Leevi Annala
Arto Klami
Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
Mari Lehtonen
Kirsi S. Mikkonen
author_facet Fanny Widjaja
Priscille Steensma
Leevi Annala
Arto Klami
Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
Mari Lehtonen
Kirsi S. Mikkonen
author_sort Fanny Widjaja
collection DOAJ
description Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is a conventional method used to prolong the shelf-life of fresh-cut vegetables, including lettuce. However, MAP-stored lettuce remains perishable, and its deterioration mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we utilized non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics to evaluate the effects of cutting and extended storage time on metabolite profiles of lettuce stored in MAP. Additionally, hyperspectral imaging was used to measure perceptual changes. Our findings reveal a bipartite response to wounding. In early storage, enzymatic browning was the main response to wounding, evidenced by accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids, substrates for polyphenol oxidases. As storage progressed, enzymatic browning was inhibited, and a shift towards lignification became apparent, evidenced by accumulation of monolignol derivatives. These findings offer new insights into the deterioration mechanism of fresh-cut lettuce occurring in MAP.
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publisher Elsevier
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series Current Research in Food Science
spelling doaj-art-e15064b57e0c41438dd427025008f72f2025-08-20T02:06:30ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Food Science2665-92712025-01-011010095910.1016/j.crfs.2024.100959Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packagingFanny Widjaja0Priscille Steensma1Leevi Annala2Arto Klami3Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi4Mari Lehtonen5Kirsi S. Mikkonen6Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Corresponding author.Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandOrganismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandModified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is a conventional method used to prolong the shelf-life of fresh-cut vegetables, including lettuce. However, MAP-stored lettuce remains perishable, and its deterioration mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we utilized non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics to evaluate the effects of cutting and extended storage time on metabolite profiles of lettuce stored in MAP. Additionally, hyperspectral imaging was used to measure perceptual changes. Our findings reveal a bipartite response to wounding. In early storage, enzymatic browning was the main response to wounding, evidenced by accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids, substrates for polyphenol oxidases. As storage progressed, enzymatic browning was inhibited, and a shift towards lignification became apparent, evidenced by accumulation of monolignol derivatives. These findings offer new insights into the deterioration mechanism of fresh-cut lettuce occurring in MAP.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927124002867Fresh-cut vegetablesSenescenceQuality deteriorationPhenylpropanoid pathwayHyperspectral imaging
spellingShingle Fanny Widjaja
Priscille Steensma
Leevi Annala
Arto Klami
Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
Mari Lehtonen
Kirsi S. Mikkonen
Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
Current Research in Food Science
Fresh-cut vegetables
Senescence
Quality deterioration
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Hyperspectral imaging
title Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
title_full Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
title_fullStr Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
title_full_unstemmed Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
title_short Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
title_sort non targeted lc ms metabolomics reveal shifts from wound induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging
topic Fresh-cut vegetables
Senescence
Quality deterioration
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Hyperspectral imaging
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927124002867
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