Ionizable lipid nanoparticles of mRNA vaccines elicit NF-κB and IRF responses through toll-like receptor 4

Ionizable lipid nanoparticles of mRNA vaccines elicit NF-κB and IRF responses through toll-like receptor 4

Abstract Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNP) that have enabled the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been shown to be immunostimulatory in the absence of mRNA. However, the mechanisms through which they activate innate immune cells is incompletely understood. Using a monocyte cell line,...

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Main Authors: Amanda E. Zelkoski, Zhongyan Lu, Gauthaman Sukumar, Clifton Dalgard, Hooda Said, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Edward Mitre, Allison M. W. Malloy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Vaccines
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01124-x
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01124-x

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