Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model

Abstract Cerebral malaria is a severe neurovascular complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, with high mortality rates even after treatment with effective antimalarials. Limitations in current experimental models have hindered our knowledge of the disease. We developed a 3D blood-brain barri...

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Main Authors: Livia Piatti, Alina Batzilla, Fumio Nakaki, Hannah Fleckenstein, François Korbmacher, Rory K. M. Long, Daniel Schraivogel, John A. Hawkins, Tais Romero-Uruñuela, Borja López-Gutiérrez, Silvia Sanz Sender, Yannick Schwab, Lars M. Steinmetz, James Sharpe, Maria Bernabeu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62514-2
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author Livia Piatti
Alina Batzilla
Fumio Nakaki
Hannah Fleckenstein
François Korbmacher
Rory K. M. Long
Daniel Schraivogel
John A. Hawkins
Tais Romero-Uruñuela
Borja López-Gutiérrez
Silvia Sanz Sender
Yannick Schwab
Lars M. Steinmetz
James Sharpe
Maria Bernabeu
author_facet Livia Piatti
Alina Batzilla
Fumio Nakaki
Hannah Fleckenstein
François Korbmacher
Rory K. M. Long
Daniel Schraivogel
John A. Hawkins
Tais Romero-Uruñuela
Borja López-Gutiérrez
Silvia Sanz Sender
Yannick Schwab
Lars M. Steinmetz
James Sharpe
Maria Bernabeu
author_sort Livia Piatti
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cerebral malaria is a severe neurovascular complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, with high mortality rates even after treatment with effective antimalarials. Limitations in current experimental models have hindered our knowledge of the disease. We developed a 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) model with enhanced barrier properties using primary brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. Exposure to parasite egress products increases microvascular permeability, likely due to transcriptional downregulation of junctional and vascular development genes in endothelial cells. In addition, it increases the expression of ferroptosis markers, antigen presentation and type I interferon genes and upregulates the JAK-STAT pathway across all BBB cell types. Incubation with cytoadherent schizont-stage P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes induces a similar, but highly localized transcriptional shift, along with inter-endothelial gaps at sites of parasite egress, leading to enhanced permeability. Treatment with the JAK-STAT inhibitor Ruxolitinib prevents the increase in permeability induced by P. falciparum egress products. These findings provide key insights into the parasite-mediated mechanisms driving brain microvascular pathogenesis in cerebral malaria and suggest potential avenues for adjunctive therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-e041b1b78b514e29b433c8179b3179472025-08-20T04:03:01ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111910.1038/s41467-025-62514-2Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier modelLivia Piatti0Alina Batzilla1Fumio Nakaki2Hannah Fleckenstein3François Korbmacher4Rory K. M. Long5Daniel Schraivogel6John A. Hawkins7Tais Romero-Uruñuela8Borja López-Gutiérrez9Silvia Sanz Sender10Yannick Schwab11Lars M. Steinmetz12James Sharpe13Maria Bernabeu14European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaAbstract Cerebral malaria is a severe neurovascular complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, with high mortality rates even after treatment with effective antimalarials. Limitations in current experimental models have hindered our knowledge of the disease. We developed a 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) model with enhanced barrier properties using primary brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. Exposure to parasite egress products increases microvascular permeability, likely due to transcriptional downregulation of junctional and vascular development genes in endothelial cells. In addition, it increases the expression of ferroptosis markers, antigen presentation and type I interferon genes and upregulates the JAK-STAT pathway across all BBB cell types. Incubation with cytoadherent schizont-stage P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes induces a similar, but highly localized transcriptional shift, along with inter-endothelial gaps at sites of parasite egress, leading to enhanced permeability. Treatment with the JAK-STAT inhibitor Ruxolitinib prevents the increase in permeability induced by P. falciparum egress products. These findings provide key insights into the parasite-mediated mechanisms driving brain microvascular pathogenesis in cerebral malaria and suggest potential avenues for adjunctive therapies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62514-2
spellingShingle Livia Piatti
Alina Batzilla
Fumio Nakaki
Hannah Fleckenstein
François Korbmacher
Rory K. M. Long
Daniel Schraivogel
John A. Hawkins
Tais Romero-Uruñuela
Borja López-Gutiérrez
Silvia Sanz Sender
Yannick Schwab
Lars M. Steinmetz
James Sharpe
Maria Bernabeu
Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model
Nature Communications
title Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model
title_full Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model
title_fullStr Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model
title_full_unstemmed Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model
title_short Plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates JAK-STAT signaling in a microvascular 3D blood-brain barrier model
title_sort plasmodium falciparum egress disrupts endothelial junctions and activates jak stat signaling in a microvascular 3d blood brain barrier model
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62514-2
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