Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains
Abstract Wheat is one of the essential crops for the human and animal nutrition, however, contamination with aflatoxigenic fungi, due to the improper storage conditions and high humidity, was the main global threats. So, preventing the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi in stored wheat grains, by using d...
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2024-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05065-w |
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| author | Manar M. Abdel Gwad Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah Mohamed Abdelmoteleb Ghada G. Abdel-Fattah |
| author_facet | Manar M. Abdel Gwad Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah Mohamed Abdelmoteleb Ghada G. Abdel-Fattah |
| author_sort | Manar M. Abdel Gwad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Wheat is one of the essential crops for the human and animal nutrition, however, contamination with aflatoxigenic fungi, due to the improper storage conditions and high humidity, was the main global threats. So, preventing the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi in stored wheat grains, by using different essential oils was the main objective of this work. Aspergillus flavus EFBL-MU12 PP087400, EFBL-MU23 PP087401 and EFBL-MU36 PP087403 isolates were the most potent aflatoxins producers inhabiting wheat grains. The effect of storage conditions of wheat grains “humidity, temperature, incubation period, and pH” on growth of A. flavus, was assessed by the response surface methodology using Plackett-Burman design and FCCD. The highest yield of aflatoxins EFBL-MU12 B1 and B2 by A. flavus grown on wheat grains were 145.3 and 7.6 μg/kg, respectively, at incubation temperature 35°C, 16% moisture contents, initial pH 5.0, and incubated for 14 days. The tested oils had a powerful antifungal activity for the growth and aflatoxins production by A. flavus in a concentration-dependent manner. Among these oils, cinnamon oil had the highest fungicidal activity for A. flavus at 0.125%, with about 85-90 % reduction to the aflatoxins B1 and B2, conidial pigmentation and chitin contents on wheat grains. From the SEM analysis, cinnamon oils had the most deleterious effect on A. flavus with morphological aberrations to the conidial heads, vegetative mycelia, alteration in conidiophores identity, hyphae shrank, and winding. To emphasize the effect of the essential oils on the aflatoxins producing potency of A. flavus, the molecular expression of the aflatoxins biosynthetic genes was estimated by RT-qPCR. The molecular expression of nor-1, afLR, pKsA and afLJ genes was suppressed by 94-96%, due to cinnamon oil at 0.062% compared to the control. Conclusively, from the results, cinnamon oils followed by the peppermint oils displayed the most fungicidal activity for the growth and aflatoxins production by A. flavus grown on wheat grains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de32993ea45448d7be6de57cce659667 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-de32993ea45448d7be6de57cce6596672025-08-20T02:30:54ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-05-0124112110.1186/s12870-024-05065-wPotential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grainsManar M. Abdel Gwad0Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed1Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah2Mohamed Abdelmoteleb3Ghada G. Abdel-Fattah4Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityEnzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAbstract Wheat is one of the essential crops for the human and animal nutrition, however, contamination with aflatoxigenic fungi, due to the improper storage conditions and high humidity, was the main global threats. So, preventing the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi in stored wheat grains, by using different essential oils was the main objective of this work. Aspergillus flavus EFBL-MU12 PP087400, EFBL-MU23 PP087401 and EFBL-MU36 PP087403 isolates were the most potent aflatoxins producers inhabiting wheat grains. The effect of storage conditions of wheat grains “humidity, temperature, incubation period, and pH” on growth of A. flavus, was assessed by the response surface methodology using Plackett-Burman design and FCCD. The highest yield of aflatoxins EFBL-MU12 B1 and B2 by A. flavus grown on wheat grains were 145.3 and 7.6 μg/kg, respectively, at incubation temperature 35°C, 16% moisture contents, initial pH 5.0, and incubated for 14 days. The tested oils had a powerful antifungal activity for the growth and aflatoxins production by A. flavus in a concentration-dependent manner. Among these oils, cinnamon oil had the highest fungicidal activity for A. flavus at 0.125%, with about 85-90 % reduction to the aflatoxins B1 and B2, conidial pigmentation and chitin contents on wheat grains. From the SEM analysis, cinnamon oils had the most deleterious effect on A. flavus with morphological aberrations to the conidial heads, vegetative mycelia, alteration in conidiophores identity, hyphae shrank, and winding. To emphasize the effect of the essential oils on the aflatoxins producing potency of A. flavus, the molecular expression of the aflatoxins biosynthetic genes was estimated by RT-qPCR. The molecular expression of nor-1, afLR, pKsA and afLJ genes was suppressed by 94-96%, due to cinnamon oil at 0.062% compared to the control. Conclusively, from the results, cinnamon oils followed by the peppermint oils displayed the most fungicidal activity for the growth and aflatoxins production by A. flavus grown on wheat grains.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05065-wAflatoxinsAspergillus flavusWheat grainsSolid state fermentationSEM analysisMolecular expression |
| spellingShingle | Manar M. Abdel Gwad Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah Mohamed Abdelmoteleb Ghada G. Abdel-Fattah Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains BMC Plant Biology Aflatoxins Aspergillus flavus Wheat grains Solid state fermentation SEM analysis Molecular expression |
| title | Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains |
| title_full | Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains |
| title_fullStr | Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains |
| title_short | Potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on Aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains |
| title_sort | potential fungicidal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of cinnamon essential oils on aspergillus flavus inhabiting the stored wheat grains |
| topic | Aflatoxins Aspergillus flavus Wheat grains Solid state fermentation SEM analysis Molecular expression |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05065-w |
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