Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments
In this study, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to conduct untargeted metabolomics analysis on black rice (BR), milled black rice (MBR), wet germinated black rice (WBR), and high-temperature and high-pressure-treated WBR (HTP-WBR). A total of 6988 positive ions and 7099 n...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Bin Hong Shan Zhang Di Yuan Shan Shan Jing-Yi Zhang Di-Xin Sha Da-Peng Chen Wei-Wei Yin Shu-Wen Lu Chuan-Ying Ren |
| author_facet | Bin Hong Shan Zhang Di Yuan Shan Shan Jing-Yi Zhang Di-Xin Sha Da-Peng Chen Wei-Wei Yin Shu-Wen Lu Chuan-Ying Ren |
| author_sort | Bin Hong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to conduct untargeted metabolomics analysis on black rice (BR), milled black rice (MBR), wet germinated black rice (WBR), and high-temperature and high-pressure-treated WBR (HTP-WBR). A total of 6988 positive ions and 7099 negative ions (multiple difference ≥1.2 or ≤0.8333, <i>p</i> < 0.05, and variable importance in projection ≥1) were isolated, and 98 and 100 differential metabolic pathways were identified between the different samples in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Distinctive variations in the metabolic compositions of BR, MBR, WBR, and HTP-WBR were observed. Flavonoids, fatty acids, lipids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, benzenoids, and organooxygen were the dominant differential metabolites. Milling removed the majority of bran-associated bioactive components such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, micronutrients, fatty acids, antioxidants, and dietary fiber. The germination process significantly reduced the number of flavonoids, polyketides, and lipid-related metabolites, while enzymatic activation notably increased the number of organic acids and amino acids. HTP treatment synergistically enhanced the content of heat-stable flavonoids and polyketides, while simultaneously promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. These findings establish novel theoretical foundations for optimizing processing methodologies and advancing functional characterization in black rice product development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ddcf6537748441a8a7dbaa6befbaa8dd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-ddcf6537748441a8a7dbaa6befbaa8dd2025-08-20T02:58:47ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-05-01149163010.3390/foods14091630Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing TreatmentsBin Hong0Shan Zhang1Di Yuan2Shan Shan3Jing-Yi Zhang4Di-Xin Sha5Da-Peng Chen6Wei-Wei Yin7Shu-Wen Lu8Chuan-Ying Ren9Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaDepartment of Food and Drug, Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi 154007, ChinaDepartment of Food and Drug, Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi 154007, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaFood Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, ChinaIn this study, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to conduct untargeted metabolomics analysis on black rice (BR), milled black rice (MBR), wet germinated black rice (WBR), and high-temperature and high-pressure-treated WBR (HTP-WBR). A total of 6988 positive ions and 7099 negative ions (multiple difference ≥1.2 or ≤0.8333, <i>p</i> < 0.05, and variable importance in projection ≥1) were isolated, and 98 and 100 differential metabolic pathways were identified between the different samples in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Distinctive variations in the metabolic compositions of BR, MBR, WBR, and HTP-WBR were observed. Flavonoids, fatty acids, lipids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, benzenoids, and organooxygen were the dominant differential metabolites. Milling removed the majority of bran-associated bioactive components such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, micronutrients, fatty acids, antioxidants, and dietary fiber. The germination process significantly reduced the number of flavonoids, polyketides, and lipid-related metabolites, while enzymatic activation notably increased the number of organic acids and amino acids. HTP treatment synergistically enhanced the content of heat-stable flavonoids and polyketides, while simultaneously promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. These findings establish novel theoretical foundations for optimizing processing methodologies and advancing functional characterization in black rice product development.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1630black rice (BR)millinggerminationhigh temperature and pressure (HTP)metabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Bin Hong Shan Zhang Di Yuan Shan Shan Jing-Yi Zhang Di-Xin Sha Da-Peng Chen Wei-Wei Yin Shu-Wen Lu Chuan-Ying Ren Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments Foods black rice (BR) milling germination high temperature and pressure (HTP) metabolomics |
| title | Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments |
| title_full | Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments |
| title_short | Changes in Bioactive Constituents in Black Rice Metabolites Under Different Processing Treatments |
| title_sort | changes in bioactive constituents in black rice metabolites under different processing treatments |
| topic | black rice (BR) milling germination high temperature and pressure (HTP) metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1630 |
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