Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network
Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents produced during geomagnetic storms present a potential risk to gas pipeline systems by disturbing the cathodic protection (CP) systems used to protect the pipeline from corrosion. In this study we look at CP monitoring data from a number of sites on the gas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003298 |
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| author | M. Ingham T. Divett C. J. Rodger M. Sigley |
| author_facet | M. Ingham T. Divett C. J. Rodger M. Sigley |
| author_sort | M. Ingham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents produced during geomagnetic storms present a potential risk to gas pipeline systems by disturbing the cathodic protection (CP) systems used to protect the pipeline from corrosion. In this study we look at CP monitoring data from a number of sites on the gas pipeline network in the North Island of New Zealand. We focus on variations during geomagnetic storms in three aspects of the CP system: (a) the output voltage of the constant current rectifiers, (b) the potential between the pipe and a Cu/CuSO4 reference cell, and (c) the potential between an installed metal coupon and the reference cell. The industry standard for suitable CP is that the latter potential should lie between −0.85 and −1.2 V when the rectifier is momentarily turned off. Three monitoring sites in particular are identified as showing very large variations in rectifier output voltage during geomagnetic storms, suggesting a possible risk to the system at these sites. Additionally, one of the three sites has coupon potentials which appear to rise above the −0.85 V level. Magnetotelluric impedance data are used to assess how effects at the monitoring sites relate to the magnitude and direction of induced electric fields. It clear that the response at any monitoring site is related to effects on the pipeline network as a whole. We also note the risks of disbonding and hydrogen induced cracking, issues we do not believe have been widely recognized in the research community. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dd790c5eb24242fe944e08e9dbd79f28 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd790c5eb24242fe944e08e9dbd79f282025-01-14T16:30:23ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902022-12-012012n/an/a10.1029/2022SW003298Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline NetworkM. Ingham0T. Divett1C. J. Rodger2M. Sigley3School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New ZealandSchool of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New ZealandDepartment of Physics University of Otago Dunedin New ZealandFirst Gas Ltd. New Plymouth New ZealandAbstract Geomagnetically induced currents produced during geomagnetic storms present a potential risk to gas pipeline systems by disturbing the cathodic protection (CP) systems used to protect the pipeline from corrosion. In this study we look at CP monitoring data from a number of sites on the gas pipeline network in the North Island of New Zealand. We focus on variations during geomagnetic storms in three aspects of the CP system: (a) the output voltage of the constant current rectifiers, (b) the potential between the pipe and a Cu/CuSO4 reference cell, and (c) the potential between an installed metal coupon and the reference cell. The industry standard for suitable CP is that the latter potential should lie between −0.85 and −1.2 V when the rectifier is momentarily turned off. Three monitoring sites in particular are identified as showing very large variations in rectifier output voltage during geomagnetic storms, suggesting a possible risk to the system at these sites. Additionally, one of the three sites has coupon potentials which appear to rise above the −0.85 V level. Magnetotelluric impedance data are used to assess how effects at the monitoring sites relate to the magnitude and direction of induced electric fields. It clear that the response at any monitoring site is related to effects on the pipeline network as a whole. We also note the risks of disbonding and hydrogen induced cracking, issues we do not believe have been widely recognized in the research community.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003298GICpipelinesNew Zealand |
| spellingShingle | M. Ingham T. Divett C. J. Rodger M. Sigley Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network Space Weather GIC pipelines New Zealand |
| title | Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network |
| title_full | Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network |
| title_short | Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network |
| title_sort | impacts of gic on the new zealand gas pipeline network |
| topic | GIC pipelines New Zealand |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003298 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingham impactsofgiconthenewzealandgaspipelinenetwork AT tdivett impactsofgiconthenewzealandgaspipelinenetwork AT cjrodger impactsofgiconthenewzealandgaspipelinenetwork AT msigley impactsofgiconthenewzealandgaspipelinenetwork |