Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review

Hysteresis is a nonlinear phenomenon found in many physical systems, including soft viscoelastic actuators, where it poses significant challenges to their application and performance. Consequently, developing accurate hysteresis models is essential for the effective design and optimization of soft a...

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Main Authors: Jesús de la Morena, Francisco Ramos, Andrés S. Vázquez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Actuators
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/7/321
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author Jesús de la Morena
Francisco Ramos
Andrés S. Vázquez
author_facet Jesús de la Morena
Francisco Ramos
Andrés S. Vázquez
author_sort Jesús de la Morena
collection DOAJ
description Hysteresis is a nonlinear phenomenon found in many physical systems, including soft viscoelastic actuators, where it poses significant challenges to their application and performance. Consequently, developing accurate hysteresis models is essential for the effective design and optimization of soft actuators. Moreover, a reliable model can be used to design compensators that mitigate the negative effects of hysteresis, improving closed-loop control accuracy and expanding the applicability of soft actuators in robotics. Physics-based approaches for modeling hysteresis in soft actuators offer valuable insights into the underlying material behavior. Nevertheless, they are often highly complex, making them impractical for real-world applications. Instead, phenomenological models provide a more feasible solution by representing hysteresis through input–output mappings based on experimental data. To effectively fit these phenomenological models, it is essential to rely on sensing data collected from real actuators. In this context, the primary objective of this work is a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the efficiency and performance of representative phenomenological hysteresis models (e.g., Bouc–Wen and Prandtl-Ishlinskii) using experimental data obtained from a pneumatic bending actuator made of a viscoelastic material. This evaluation suggests that the Generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii model achieves the highest modeling accuracy, while the Preisach model with a probabilistic density function formulation excels in terms of parameter compactness.
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spelling doaj-art-dc9190b08158447e8ffdcef2f7a164f62025-08-20T03:55:49ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252025-06-0114732110.3390/act14070321Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental ReviewJesús de la Morena0Francisco Ramos1Andrés S. Vázquez2Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainHysteresis is a nonlinear phenomenon found in many physical systems, including soft viscoelastic actuators, where it poses significant challenges to their application and performance. Consequently, developing accurate hysteresis models is essential for the effective design and optimization of soft actuators. Moreover, a reliable model can be used to design compensators that mitigate the negative effects of hysteresis, improving closed-loop control accuracy and expanding the applicability of soft actuators in robotics. Physics-based approaches for modeling hysteresis in soft actuators offer valuable insights into the underlying material behavior. Nevertheless, they are often highly complex, making them impractical for real-world applications. Instead, phenomenological models provide a more feasible solution by representing hysteresis through input–output mappings based on experimental data. To effectively fit these phenomenological models, it is essential to rely on sensing data collected from real actuators. In this context, the primary objective of this work is a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the efficiency and performance of representative phenomenological hysteresis models (e.g., Bouc–Wen and Prandtl-Ishlinskii) using experimental data obtained from a pneumatic bending actuator made of a viscoelastic material. This evaluation suggests that the Generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii model achieves the highest modeling accuracy, while the Preisach model with a probabilistic density function formulation excels in terms of parameter compactness.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/7/321soft pneumatic actuatorshysteresismodeling
spellingShingle Jesús de la Morena
Francisco Ramos
Andrés S. Vázquez
Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review
Actuators
soft pneumatic actuators
hysteresis
modeling
title Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review
title_full Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review
title_fullStr Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review
title_full_unstemmed Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review
title_short Hysteresis Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: An Experimental Review
title_sort hysteresis modeling of soft pneumatic actuators an experimental review
topic soft pneumatic actuators
hysteresis
modeling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/7/321
work_keys_str_mv AT jesusdelamorena hysteresismodelingofsoftpneumaticactuatorsanexperimentalreview
AT franciscoramos hysteresismodelingofsoftpneumaticactuatorsanexperimentalreview
AT andressvazquez hysteresismodelingofsoftpneumaticactuatorsanexperimentalreview