Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is caused by several bacteria, including <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., and <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp., and BCO is a significa...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Amanda Anthney Khawla Alharbi Ruvindu Perera Anh Dang Trieu Do Andi Asnayanti Reginald Onyema Sara Reichelt Antoine Meuter Palmy R. R. Jesudhasan Adnan A. K. Alrubaye |
| author_facet | Amanda Anthney Khawla Alharbi Ruvindu Perera Anh Dang Trieu Do Andi Asnayanti Reginald Onyema Sara Reichelt Antoine Meuter Palmy R. R. Jesudhasan Adnan A. K. Alrubaye |
| author_sort | Amanda Anthney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is caused by several bacteria, including <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., and <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp., and BCO is a significant animal health and welfare issue in broiler production, causing 1–2% of bird condemnation at marketing age and resulting in annual losses of tens of millions of dollars. This study evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic program alone and combined with a multivalent electron beam (eBeam)-inactivated vaccine in reducing BCO lameness. The probiotic program included an <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> spray (<i>E. faecium</i> 669, at 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/bird) at hatch and a triple-strain <i>Bacillus</i>-based product (<i>B. subtilis</i> 597, <i>B. subtilis</i> 600, and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> 516 at 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/bird/day) in drinking water from day 1 to day 56. An aerosol transmission challenge model simulated commercial bacterial exposure. Birds were divided into five groups: a positive control (PC) group (T1) and a negative control (NC) group (T2) receiving no treatment and three treatment groups receiving the probiotic program (T3), the multivalent vaccine (T4), or both the probiotic program and the multivalent vaccine (T5). Data analyzed via ANOVA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) showed T3, T4, and T5 had significantly lower lameness (43.7%, 40.3%, and 40.7%) than T2 (71.0%) and T1 (83.0%). T5 resulted in reductions comparable to T4, indicating no significant synergistic effect. These findings show that probiotics alone or with a vaccine effectively mitigate BCO lameness, enhance broiler welfare, and reduce economic losses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc82e05423d840aaabe2c76beb26b810 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc82e05423d840aaabe2c76beb26b8102025-08-20T02:44:33ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115457010.3390/ani15040570Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge ModelAmanda Anthney0Khawla Alharbi1Ruvindu Perera2Anh Dang Trieu Do3Andi Asnayanti4Reginald Onyema5Sara Reichelt6Antoine Meuter7Palmy R. R. Jesudhasan8Adnan A. K. Alrubaye9Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USACenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USACenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USACenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USACenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USAAviagen North America (NA), Huntsville, AL 35806, USAAviagen North America (NA), Huntsville, AL 35806, USAAnimal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Novonesis, 2970 Hørsholm, DenmarkCenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USACenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USABacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is caused by several bacteria, including <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., and <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp., and BCO is a significant animal health and welfare issue in broiler production, causing 1–2% of bird condemnation at marketing age and resulting in annual losses of tens of millions of dollars. This study evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic program alone and combined with a multivalent electron beam (eBeam)-inactivated vaccine in reducing BCO lameness. The probiotic program included an <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> spray (<i>E. faecium</i> 669, at 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/bird) at hatch and a triple-strain <i>Bacillus</i>-based product (<i>B. subtilis</i> 597, <i>B. subtilis</i> 600, and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> 516 at 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/bird/day) in drinking water from day 1 to day 56. An aerosol transmission challenge model simulated commercial bacterial exposure. Birds were divided into five groups: a positive control (PC) group (T1) and a negative control (NC) group (T2) receiving no treatment and three treatment groups receiving the probiotic program (T3), the multivalent vaccine (T4), or both the probiotic program and the multivalent vaccine (T5). Data analyzed via ANOVA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) showed T3, T4, and T5 had significantly lower lameness (43.7%, 40.3%, and 40.7%) than T2 (71.0%) and T1 (83.0%). T5 resulted in reductions comparable to T4, indicating no significant synergistic effect. These findings show that probiotics alone or with a vaccine effectively mitigate BCO lameness, enhance broiler welfare, and reduce economic losses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/570lamenessbroilersBCOprobioticeBeam-inactivated vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Amanda Anthney Khawla Alharbi Ruvindu Perera Anh Dang Trieu Do Andi Asnayanti Reginald Onyema Sara Reichelt Antoine Meuter Palmy R. R. Jesudhasan Adnan A. K. Alrubaye Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model Animals lameness broilers BCO probiotic eBeam-inactivated vaccine |
| title | Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model |
| title_full | Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model |
| title_short | Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Multivalent Vaccination Strategies in Mitigating Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Hybrid Challenge Model |
| title_sort | evaluating the effectiveness of probiotic and multivalent vaccination strategies in mitigating bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lameness using a hybrid challenge model |
| topic | lameness broilers BCO probiotic eBeam-inactivated vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/570 |
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